Habitat-Based PCB Environmental Quality Criteria for the Protection of Endangered Killer Whales (Orcinus orca)
Habitat-Based PCB Environmental Quality Criteria for the Protection of Endangered Killer Whales (Orcinus orca)
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DOI：
10.1021/es303062q
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发表时间：
2012-11-20
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Gobas, Frank A. P. C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Alava, Juan Jose;Ross, Peter S.;Gobas, Frank A. P. C.
基于区域的多氯联苯（PCB）食物网生物积累模型的开发，使沉积物质量标准和猎物组织残留物指南在保护不列颠哥伦比亚省及其邻近水域的食鱼虎鲸方面的功效得到了重要评估。模型预测和观测到的虎鲸和奇努克鲑鱼中多氯联苯浓度吻合良好，支持模型在风险评估和标准制定中的应用。模型应用表明，来自虎鲸关键栖息地和整个觅食范围的沉积物中的多氯联苯浓度导致大多数虎鲸的多氯联苯浓度超过海洋哺乳动物报告的多氯联苯毒性阈值浓度。结果进一步表明，现行的多氯联苯沉积物质量和捕食动物组织残留标准不能保护虎鲸，也不适合评估多氯联苯污染沉积物对高营养级生物群的风险。我们提出了一种新的方法来推导沉积物质量标准和组织残留准则，以保护各种PCB管理方案下的高营养水平生物群。被认为可保护虎鲸健康的沉积物和猎物中的多氯联苯浓度远低于目前的标准值，突出表明高营养级海洋哺乳动物极易受到持久性和生物蓄积性污染物的侵害。
The development of an area-based polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) food-web bioaccumulation model enabled a critical evaluation of the efficacy of sediment quality criteria and prey tissue residue guidelines in protecting fish-eating resident killer whales of British Columbia and adjacent waters. Model-predicted and observed PCB concentrations in resident killer whales and Chinook salmon were in good agreement, supporting the model's application for risk assessment and criteria development. Model application shows that PCB concentrations in the sediments from the resident killer whale's Critical Habitats and entire foraging range leads to PCB concentrations in most killer whales that exceed PCB toxicity threshold concentrations reported for marine mammals. Results further indicate that current PCB sediment quality and prey tissue residue criteria for fish-eating wildlife are not protective of killer whales and are not appropriate for assessing risks of PCB-contaminated sediments to high trophic level biota. We present a novel methodology for deriving sediment quality criteria and tissue residue guidelines that protect biota of high trophic levels under various PCB management scenarios. PCB concentrations in sediments and in prey that are deemed protective of resident killer whale health are much lower than current criteria values, underscoring the extreme vulnerability of high trophic level marine mammals to persistent and bioaccumulative contaminants.