Studies on marine oil spills and their ecological damage
Studies on marine oil spills and their ecological damage
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DOI：
10.1007/s11802-009-0312-5
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发表时间：
2009-07
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
H. Mei;Y. Yin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Mei;Y. Yin
海洋石油泄漏的来源主要是海洋油轮或货轮、海洋石油钻井平台、海洋石油管道、海洋油田、陆地污染、含油大气和海上石油生产设备的事故。分析认为，海上溢油事故发生的原因主要有两个：（1）石油企业主和石油运输代理人追求巨大经济利益的动机远远超过了他们的生态风险意识; (II)海洋生态安全尚未成为国家安全的主要关切。石油泄漏是一场灾难，因为人类不遗余力地从石油中获得经济利益。溢油对海洋生态系统的损害大致可分为两类：海洋资源价值损害（直接价值）和海洋生态系统服务价值损害（间接价值）。海洋溢油对海洋生物、渔业、海水、旅游、矿产资源等造成不同程度的损害，导致海洋资源质量和价值下降。
The sources of marine oil spills are mainly from accidents of marine oil tankers or freighters, marine oil-drilling platforms, marine oil pipelines, marine oilfields, terrestrial pollution, oil-bearing atmosphere, and offshore oil production equipment. It is concluded upon analysis that there are two main reasons for marine oil spills: (I) The motive for huge economic benefits of oil industry owners and oil shipping agents far surpasses their sense of ecological risks. (II) Marine ecological safety has not become the main concern of national security. Oil spills are disasters because humans spare no efforts to get economic benefits from oil. The present paper draws another conclusion that marine ecological damage caused by oil spills can be roughly divided into two categories: damage to marine resource value (direct value) and damage to marine ecosystem service value (indirect value). Marine oil spills cause damage to marine biological, fishery, seawater, tourism and mineral resources to various extents, which contributes to the lower quality and value of marine resources.