SELF-EFFICACY AND THE STAGES OF SELF-CHANGE OF SMOKING
SELF-EFFICACY AND THE STAGES OF SELF-CHANGE OF SMOKING
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DOI：
10.1007/bf01204849
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发表时间：
1985-01-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
GIBERTINI, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DICLEMENTE, CC;PROCHASKA, JO;GIBERTINI, M
功效预期被认为是所有行为变化的中介。研究了吸烟行为自我改变中的自我效能感结构。使用了31个项目的自我效能感测量，其中包括对诱惑(线索强度)和自信(有效性)的评级。研究对象是957名志愿者，他们代表了自我改变的5个阶段：无动机、沉思者、最近戒除者、长期戒除者和复吸者。受试者最初被评估，时间为3-5个月。后续行动。自我效能感量表是一个极其可靠和连贯的工具，有可识别但不能清楚解释的子成分。不同受试者在自我效能感总分上存在显著差异。疗效期望与吸烟史变量和吸烟的利弊显示出微小但显著的关系，但与人口统计学、生活压力或持续性措施无关。在最初的评估中，被试的S效能评估与最近戒毒者和沉思者在随访中的状态变化有关。诱惑与效能等级之间的关系是复杂的，在改变的不同阶段，受试者的关系有所不同。对于沉思者(r=-0.65)和复吸者(r=-0.67)，总的自我效能与诱惑得分之间的相关性最大(r=-0.18)。对于戒毒者，诱惑和效能之间的差异随着戒除时间的延长而增加。
Efficacy expectations are postulated to mediate all behavior change. The construct of self-efficacy in the self-change of smoking behavior was examined. A 31-item measure of self-efficacy was used that included ratings of both temptation (cue strength) and confidence (efficacy). The subjects were 957 volunteers representing 5 stages of self change; immotives, contemplators, recent quitters, long-term quitters and relapsers. Subjects were assessed initially and at a 3-5-mo. follow-up. The self-efficacy scale was an extremely reliable and coherent instrument with identifiable but not clearly interpretable subcomponents. Groups of subjects demonstrated significant differences in total self-efficacy scores. Efficacy expectations demonstrated small but significant relationships with smoking history variables and the pros and cons of smoking, but not with demographic, life stress or persistence measures. Subject''s efficacy evaluations at the initial assessment were related to changes in status for recent quitters and contemplators at the follow-up. The relationship between temptation and efficacy ratings is complex and varies for subjects in the various stages of change. Correlations between total self-efficacy and temptation scores were largest for contemplators (r = -0.65) and relapsers (r = -0.67) and smallest for the recent quitters (r = -0.18). The magnitude of the difference between temptation and efficacy increased with length of abstinence for subjects in maintenance.