Rewriting the Bases of Capitalism: Reflexive Modernity and Ecological Sustainability as the Foundations of a New Normative Framework
Rewriting the Bases of Capitalism: Reflexive Modernity and Ecological Sustainability as the Foundations of a New Normative Framework
复制标题
重写资本主义的基础：反思性现代性和生态可持续性作为新规范框架的基础
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
P. Primeaux
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
U. Balakrishnan;T. Duvall;P. Primeaux
关于可持续全球化发展的辩论是基于两个明确的经济假设：“发展”的唯一和不可避免的途径是工业化和资本密集型高技术的扩散，目的是建立服务部门经济;基于新自由主义、资本主义和自由市场意识形态的全球化是这种发展的唯一工具。全球化发展的支持者认为，可持续性仅仅是市场力量的一种功能，市场力量将为所有问题，包括今天笼罩在地球仪上的环境困境，提供解决办法。全球化发展的社会焦点显然是“个人”，在这些辩论中，大肆宣扬的发展目标是使个人摆脱匮乏。这种对个人的颂扬是启蒙运动的特征，它定义了现代性的各个方面，导致了以自我为中心的方法，而很少考虑社会的需要，甚至社会背景。然而，人类生活的日益恶化和环境的日益退化，为资本利益的这种涌入提供了一个尖锐的对照，要求重新评估可持续性，将其与工业化和全球化发展的逻辑分开。本文考察了资本主义逻辑的展开，这是罗斯托维发展模式结构的基础，也是当今全球化发展进程中假设的问题。当前基于增长的市场体系显然不可能实现可持续发展，这导致人们对替代方案进行审查，包括对选择的反射性理解以及纳入与决策的社会、环境和经济方面相关的机会成本。将所有生产要素纳入发展逻辑，为现行制度提供了可持续的替代办法。
The debate on sustainable globalized development rests on two clearly stated economic assumptions: that "development" proceeds, solely and inevitably, through industrialization and the proliferation of capital intensive high-technology, towards the creation of service sector economies; and that globalization, based on a neoliberal, capitalist, free market ideology, provides the only vehicle for such development. Sustainability, according to the proponents of globalized development, is merely a function of market forces, which will generate the solutions for all problems including the environmental dilemmas that loom over the globe today. The social focus of globalized development is clearly the "individual" and the much-touted goal of development in the context of these debates, is the emancipation of the individual from want. This glorification of the individual, so characteristic of the Enlightenment, has defined all aspects of modernity, leading to approaches that are self-focused and that give little thought to the needs of society or even the social context. The increasing impoverishment of human life and the growing environmental degradation, however, provide a poignant counterpoint to this onrush of capital interests, demanding a reassessment of sustainability separate from the logic of industrialization and globalized development. This paper examines the unfolding of the logic of capitalism, which underlies the structure of the Rostowian model of development and the problems in the assumptions underlying today's globalized development process. The evident impossibility of sustainability in the current growth-based market system leads to the examination of alternatives including a reflexive understanding of the choices and the inclusion of opportunity costs, related to the social, environmental and economic aspects of decision making. The integration of all factors of production into the logic of development provides a sustainable alternative to the current system.