Habitat and Life History Determinants of Antbird Occurrence in Variable-Sized Amazonian Forest Fragments
Habitat and Life History Determinants of Antbird Occurrence in Variable-Sized Amazonian Forest Fragments
复制标题
不同大小的亚马逊森林碎片中蚁鸟出现的栖息地和生活史决定因素
DOI：
10.1111/j.1744-7429.2010.00625.x
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Lees A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lees A
地球上鸟类物种丰富度最高的是在新热带地区，物种丰富的蚁鸟超家族（Thamnophilidae，蚁科，Grallariidae和Conopophagidae）占南美洲雀形目鸟类多样性的15%。蚁鸟物种有不同的生活史和生态要求，导致相当大的种间差异的反应，人类栖息地的修改。在这里，我们研究种间差异的蚁鸟对栖息地破碎化和扰动的反应，在一个地区的所谓的“砍伐森林弧”的巴西亚马逊河流域南部在北方马托格罗索州。我们调查了31个可变大小的森林斑块的蚁鸟群落，发现蚁鸟物种丰富度主要受斑块大小和隔离的影响，尽管森林斑块质量也很重要。生活史预测因子在确定斑块占用率和最小斑块面积要求方面不太重要，而体重和地理范围大小是最重要的预测因子。觅食生态位也很重要;混合羊群追随者，竹子专家和行军蚁追随者都更容易在小片段中局部灭绝。虽然大多数亚马逊蚁鸟物种目前没有受到威胁，但河流间特有现象的发生率很高，未来森林的丧失可能危及目前被认为是低保护关注的许多物种。在识别碎片敏感的属和行业协会方面吸取的经验教训可能适用于亚马逊河流域以外的其他蚁鸟物种，例如巴西大西洋森林中的蚁鸟。确保蚁鸟未来在仅保留一小部分原始森林覆盖的新热带森林景观中的生存，将取决于保护剩余的大片森林斑块，并保持它们之间的结构和功能连接。
The highest avian species richness on Earth is found in the Neotropics, with the speciose antbird superfamily (Thamnophilidae, Formicariidae, Grallariidae and Conopophagidae) accounting for 15 percent of South American passerine diversity. Antbird species have divergent life histories and ecological requirements, resulting in considerable interspecific variation in responses to anthropogenic habitat modification. Here, we examine interspecific differences in antbird responses to both habitat fragmentation and perturbation in a region of the so‐called ‘Arc of Deforestation’ of southern Brazilian Amazonia in northern Mato Grosso. We surveyed the antbird community of 31 variable‐sized forest patches and found that antbird species richness was predominantly affected by patch size and isolation, although forest patch quality was also important. Life history predictors were less important overall in determining patch occupancy and minimum patch area requirements with body mass and geographic range size the most important predictors. Foraging niche was also important; mixed flock followers, bamboo specialists and army‐ant followers were all more prone to local extinction in small fragments. Although most Amazonian antbird species are not currently threatened, rates of interfluvial endemism are high and future forest loss may imperil many species currently considered to be of low conservation concern. Lessons learnt in the identification of fragmentation‐sensitive genera and guilds may be applicable to other antbird species outside Amazonia, such as those in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Ensuring future survival of antbirds across neotropical forest landscapes that retain only a small percentage of their original primary forest cover will rest on protecting remaining large forest patches and maintaining structural and functional connectivity between them.