The economics of World War II: The economics of World War II: an overview
The economics of World War II: The economics of World War II: an overview
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第二次世界大战的经济学： 第二次世界大战的经济学：概述
DOI：
10.1017/cbo9780511523632.002
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发表时间：
1998
影响因子：
0.5
通讯作者：
M. Harrison
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Harrison
本书讨论了二十世纪战争经济学中的两个问题。首先是经济学对二战大国胜败的贡献。其次是战争对大国经济的长期经济趋势和战后制度的影响。1 经济学对战争结果的贡献是什么？就第一个问题而言，两位作者对“经济”有着广泛的理解，其中包括战争的国家需求、资源的数量和质量、资源的可用性和动员，以及为战时目的动员资源的机构和政策。就资源而言，我们理解的不仅包括矿产、原材料、固定资本资产等物质资源以及金融存量和流量，还包括以劳动人口为代表的人力资源、其健康和文化水平、技能程度、培训和教育程度以及以科学知识和技术知识为代表的资产。这些经济因素对于决定谁赢谁输有多重要？在回答这个问题时，区分冲突的两个时期总是有意义的。在第一个时期，经济因素不如纯粹的军事因素重要。这是轴心国取得最大成功的阶段，大约持续到 1941 年底或 1942 年（确切的说是 1942 年）。
This book deals with two issues in the economics of twentieth century warfare. First is the contribution of economics to victory and defeat of the great powers in World War II. Second is the impact of the war upon long-run economic trends and postwar institutions in the economies of the great powers.1 What was the contribution of economics to the outcome of the war? As far as this first question is concerned, the authors share a broad understanding of "economics", which comprises the national requirements of the war, the quantity and quality of resources, their availability and mobilization, and the institutions and policies which mobilized them for wartime purposes. As for resources, we understand them to include not only physical resources such as minerals, materials, and fixed capital assets, and financial stocks and flows, but also the human resources represented by the working population, its health and literacy, its degree of skill, training, and education, as well as assets represented by scientific knowledge and technological know-how. How important were these economic factors in deciding who won the war, and who lost? In answering this question it has always made sense to distinguish two periods of the conflict. In the first period, economic considerations were less important than purely military factors. This was the phase of greatest success for the powers of the Axis, and it lasted roughly until the end of 1941 or into 1942 (the exact