Clinical diagnosis and staging of cholangiocarcinoma.
Clinical diagnosis and staging of cholangiocarcinoma.
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DOI：
10.1038/nrgastro.2011.131
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发表时间：
2011-08-02
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--
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胆管癌是最常见的胆道恶性肿瘤。由于其解剖位置、生长方式及缺乏明确的诊断标准，诊断困难。目前，胆管癌根据其沿着胆管树的解剖位置分为以下类型：肝内、肝门周围或远端肝外胆管癌。这些胆管癌类型在其生物学行为和管理方面有所不同。根据胆管癌的解剖位置和分期对患者进行适当的分层是治疗的关键。分期系统可以指导这种分层并提供预后信息。此外，为了比较和对比不同治疗方法的结果，分期系统是必不可少的。胆管癌的分期系统有很多，一些早期的已经更新，新的正在开发中。我们讨论了新兴的诊断标准以及不同的分期系统的胆管癌，并提供了一个关键的评价，这些进展胆道恶性肿瘤。
Cholangiocarcinoma is the most frequent biliary malignancy. It is difficult to diagnose owing to its anatomic location, growth patterns and lack of definite diagnostic criteria. Currently, cholangiocarcinoma is classified into the following types according to its anatomic location along the biliary tree: intrahepatic, perihilar or distal extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. These cholangiocarcinoma types differ in their biological behavior and management. The appropriate stratification of patients with regard to the anatomic location and stage of cholangiocarcinoma is a key determinate in their management. Staging systems can guide this stratification and provide prognostic information. In addition, staging systems are essential in order to compare and contrast the outcomes of different therapeutic approaches. A number of staging systems exist for cholangiocarcinoma—several early ones have been updated, and new ones are being developed. We discuss the emerging diagnostic criteria as well as the different staging systems for cholangiocarcinoma, and provide a critical appraisal regarding these advances in biliary tract malignancies.
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