Geomorphological context and formation history of Cloggs Cave: What was the cave like when people inhabited it?
Geomorphological context and formation history of Cloggs Cave: What was the cave like when people inhabited it?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jasrep.2020.102461
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发表时间：
2020-10-01
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Wong, Vanessa N. L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Delannoy, Jean-Jacques;David, Bruno;Wong, Vanessa N. L.
在澳大利亚阿尔卑斯山山麓的Cloggs Cave进行的新研究采用了综合的地质-地貌-考古方法，采用了多种测年方法和高分辨率LiDAR 3D测绘。关于该遗址的年代地层学（例如基底巨型动物沉积物和考古层之间的确切关系）、沉积过程和地貌变化的长期问题得到了解决。洞穴的形成历史被重建，以了解其变化的形态和形态形成过程，并澄清这些过程如何塑造洞穴的沉积物。主要发现包括：1）导致52，000年前的巨型动物和后来的职业层横向并列的地貌过程; 2）存在一个，可能是两个（现在被掩埋的）古入口，使现已灭绝的巨型动物和现存的大型动物能够进入洞穴，最有可能是通过自由漫游通道而不是坑下降; 3）在老年人时期洞穴的形态变化，包括古表面倾斜变化的时间;和4）修改钟乳石，粉碎方解石地层以制造粉末，建造石头排列，以及老年人移动大型石灰石块。最终，这些发现表明，要正确理解当老人访问该网站时，Cloggs Cave是什么样的，需要构建一个跨越约4亿年的叙事，并开发一种能够整合许多尺度和过程（例如地质，地貌，考古）的方法，以塑造该网站。
New research undertaken at Cloggs Cave, in the foothills of the Australian Alps, employed an integrated geological-geomorphological-archaeological approach with manifold dating methods and fine resolution LiDAR 3D mapping. Long-standing questions about the site's chronostratigraphy (e.g. the exact relationship between basal megafaunal deposits and archaeological layers), sedimentation processes and geomorphic changes were resolved. The cave's formation history was reconstructed to understand its changing morphology and morphogenic processes, and to clarify how these processes shaped the cave's deposits. Key findings include the identification of: 1) the geomorphological processes that caused the lateral juxtaposition of 52,000 year-old megafaunal and later occupational layers; 2) the existence of one and possibly two (now-buried) palaeo-entrance(s) that enabled now-extinct megafauna and extant large fauna to enter the cave, most likely via a free-roaming passage rather than a pit drop; 3) morphological changes to the cave during the time of the Old People, including the timing of changes to the inclination of palaeo-surfaces; and 4) modifications to stalactites, crushing of calcite formations for the manufacture of powder, construction of a stone arrangement, and movement of large limestone blocks by the Old People. Ultimately, these findings demonstrate that to properly understand what Cloggs Cave was like when the Old People visited the site requires the construction of a narrative that spans some 400 million years and the development of an approach capable of integrating the many scales and processes (e.g. geological, geomorphological, archaeological) that configured to shape the site.