Assessing the evolution of power sector carbon intensity in the United States
Assessing the evolution of power sector carbon intensity in the United States
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DOI：
10.1088/1748-9326/aabe9d
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发表时间：
2018-06-01
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Samaras, Constantine
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schivley, Greg;Azevedo, Ines;Samaras, Constantine
在美国，电力部门是实施政策以实现国家、州或地方强制性或自愿性二氧化碳减排目标的主要重点。因此，必须及时掌握电力部门产生的温室气体排放信息，以确保所实施的政策实现预期的减排。这项工作是第一次开发一种透明的方法来计算2001年至2017年美国电力部门在不同时间（年度，季度，月度）和区域（美国，NERC和州）水平上的排放强度。我们发现，在2001年至2017年期间，美国电力生产的平均年二氧化碳排放强度下降了30%，从630 g CO2 kWh（-1）降至439 gCO（2）kWh（-1）。二氧化碳浓度的变化是由于天然气和风力发电量的增加以及燃煤发电量的减少。碳强度的下降因地区而异，2001年至2017年间东北部发电厂的碳强度下降幅度最大（58%），德克萨斯州地区发电厂的碳强度下降幅度最小（27%）。就绝对值而言，中南部地区的排放强度下降幅度最大（358 gCO（2）kWh（-1）），德克萨斯州最小（164 gCO（2）kWh（-1））。我们还发现，用天然气或可再生能源取代煤炭发电增加了地区之间CO2强度的月度相关性。在州一级，特拉华州的二氧化碳强度下降幅度最大（466 gCO（2）kWh（-1）），而爱达荷州是自2001年以来唯一没有降低二氧化碳强度的州。
In the United States, the electricity sector is a major focus for implementing policies to meet national, state, or local mandatory or voluntary CO2 emissions reductions goals. Thus, it is important to have timely and available information on greenhouse gas emissions generated by the power sector to ensure that the policies implemented achieve intended emissions reductions. This work is the first to develop a transparent method to compute the emissions intensity for the US electricity section from 2001 through 2017 at different temporal (annual, quarterly, monthly) and regional (US, NERC, and state) levels. We find that between 2001 and 2017 the average annual CO2 emissions intensity of electricity production in the United States decreased by 30%, from 630 g CO2 kWh(-1) to 439 gCO(2) kWh(-1). This change in CO2 intensity is attributable to an increase in generation from natural gas and wind accompanied by a reduction in coal-fired power generation. The decline in carbon intensity varies across regions, with the largest reduction between 2001 and 2017 from power plants in the Northeast (58%) and the smallest reduction from power plants in the Texas region (27%). In absolute terms the South-central region saw the largest decrease in emissions intensity (358 gCO(2) kWh(-1)) and Texas saw the smallest (164 gCO(2) kWh(-1)). We also find that replacing coal generation with natural gas or renewables has increased the monthly correlation of CO2 intensity between regions. At the state level, Delaware saw the largest decrease in CO2 intensity (466 gCO(2) kWh(-1)), and Idaho is the only state that has not decreased CO2 intensity since 2001.