Human defensins 5 and 6 enhance HIV-1 infectivity through promoting HIV attachment.

Human defensins 5 and 6 enhance HIV-1 infectivity through promoting HIV attachment.
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DOI:
10.1186/1742-4690-8-45
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发表时间:
2011-06-14
期刊:
影响因子:
3.3
通讯作者:
Chang TL
Chang TL
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Rapista A;Ding J;Benito B;Lo YT;Neiditch MB;Lu W;Chang TL

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并发性传播感染 (STI) 会增加艾滋病毒传播的可能性。性传播感染患者的生殖器液中防御素水平经常升高。我们之前已经证明,人类防御素 5 和 6(HD5 和 HD6)可促进 HIV 进入,并有助于淋病奈瑟菌介导的体外 HIV 感染性增强。在这项研究中,我们剖析了防御素增强艾滋病毒作用的分子机制。 HD5和HD6主要作用于病毒颗粒以促进HIV感染。当 HIV 进入抑制剂 (TAK 779) 和融合抑制剂 (T-20) 仅在病毒附着期间存在时,HD5 和 HD6 都会拮抗 HIV 进入抑制剂 (TAK 779) 和融合抑制剂 (T-20) 的抗 HIV 活性。然而,当这些抑制剂在病毒感染期间重新添加时,它们会超越防御素的艾滋病毒增强作用。 HD5 和 HD6 通过促进 HIV 附着到靶细胞来增强 HIV 感染性。使用含有 Vpr-GFP 的荧光 HIV 进行的研究表明,这些防御素通过将病毒颗粒集中在靶细胞上来增强 HIV 的附着。 HD5 和 HD6 阻断可溶性糖胺聚糖(包括肝素、硫酸软骨素和硫酸葡聚糖)的抗 HIV 活性。然而,高浓度的肝素会减弱 HD5 的 HIV 增强作用,但不会减弱 HD6。此外,在肝素酶处理的细胞中,HD5(而非 HD6)的 HIV 增强作用程度有所增加。这些结果表明HD5和肝素/硫酸乙酰肝素竞争结合HIV。 HD5和HD6通过将病毒集中在靶细胞上来增加HIV的传染性。这些防御素可能会对杀菌剂的功效产生负面影响,特别是在性传播感染的情况下。
Concurrent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) increase the likelihood of HIV transmission. The levels of defensins are frequently elevated in genital fluids from individuals with STIs. We have previously shown that human defensins 5 and 6 (HD5 and HD6) promote HIV entry and contribute to Neisseria gonorrhoeae-mediated enhancement of HIV infectivity in vitro. In this study, we dissect the molecular mechanism of the HIV enhancing effect of defensins. HD5 and HD6 primarily acted on the virion to promote HIV infection. Both HD5 and HD6 antagonized the anti-HIV activities of inhibitors of HIV entry (TAK 779) and fusion (T-20) when the inhibitors were present only during viral attachment; however, when these inhibitors were added back during viral infection they overrode the HIV enhancing effect of defensins. HD5 and HD6 enhanced HIV infectivity by promoting HIV attachment to target cells. Studies using fluorescent HIV containing Vpr-GFP indicated that these defensins enhanced HIV attachment by concentrating virus particles on the target cells. HD5 and HD6 blocked anti-HIV activities of soluble glycosaminoglycans including heparin, chondroitin sulfate, and dextran sulfate. However, heparin, at a high concentration, diminished the HIV enhancing effect of HD5, but not HD6. Additionally, the degree of the HIV enhancing effect of HD5, but not HD6, was increased in heparinase-treated cells. These results suggest that HD5 and haparin/heparan sulfate compete for binding to HIV. HD5 and HD6 increased HIV infectivity by concentrating virus on the target cells. These defensins may have a negative effect on the efficacy of microbicides, especially in the setting of STIs.
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