A highly diverse set of novel immunoglobulin-like transcript (NILT) genes in zebrafish indicates a wide range of functions with complex relationships to mammalian receptors
A highly diverse set of novel immunoglobulin-like transcript (NILT) genes in zebrafish indicates a wide range of functions with complex relationships to mammalian receptors
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DOI：
10.1007/s00251-022-01270-9
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发表时间：
2022-04
期刊：
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Dustin J. Wcisel;A. Dornburg;Sean C. McConnell;K. Hernandez;J. Andrade;Jill L. O. de Jong;G. Litman;J. Yoder
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dustin J. Wcisel;A. Dornburg;Sean C. McConnell;K. Hernandez;J. Andrade;Jill L. O. de Jong;G. Litman;J. Yoder
已经从鲑鱼、鳟鱼和鲤鱼中鉴定出多种新型免疫球蛋白样转录物（NILT）。NILT通常编码具有细胞外免疫球蛋白（IG）结构域的活化或抑制性跨膜受体。虽然预测提供免疫识别射线鳍鱼，我们目前缺乏一个明确的框架NILT多样性，从而限制了我们的预测其进化起源和功能。为了更好地了解NILT的多样性及其在免疫功能中可能的作用，我们确定了大西洋鲑鱼（萨尔莫salar）基因组中的5个NILT位点，在斑马鱼（Danio rerio）1号染色体的3-Mbp区域内定义了86个NILT IG结构域，并描述了41个NILT IG结构域作为该相同基因组区域的替代单倍型的一部分。然后，我们确定了由43个不同的NILT基因编码的转录本，这些基因反映了单个物种内非重组受体家族的IG结构域序列和组合的前所未有的多样性。斑马鱼NILT包括一个唯一的假定激活受体，但广泛的抑制和分泌形式，以及膜结合形式，没有已知的信号基序。这些结果揭示了一个更高水平的遗传复杂性，个体间变异，和序列多样性NILT比以前描述的，这表明该基因家族可能在宿主免疫中发挥着多种作用。
Multiple novel immunoglobulin-like transcripts (NILTs) have been identified from salmon, trout, and carp. NILTs typically encode activating or inhibitory transmembrane receptors with extracellular immunoglobulin (Ig) domains. Although predicted to provide immune recognition in ray-finned fish, we currently lack a definitive framework of NILT diversity, thereby limiting our predictions for their evolutionary origin and function. In order to better understand the diversity of NILTs and their possible roles in immune function, we identified five NILT loci in the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) genome, defined 86 NILT Ig domains within a 3-Mbp region of zebrafish (Danio rerio) chromosome 1, and described 41 NILT Ig domains as part of an alternative haplotype for this same genomic region. We then identified transcripts encoded by 43 different NILT genes which reflect an unprecedented diversity of Ig domain sequences and combinations for a family of non-recombining receptors within a single species. Zebrafish NILTs include a sole putative activating receptor but extensive inhibitory and secreted forms as well as membrane-bound forms with no known signaling motifs. These results reveal a higher level of genetic complexity, interindividual variation, and sequence diversity for NILTs than previously described, suggesting that this gene family likely plays multiple roles in host immunity.