Maneuvering the genetic and metabolic pathway for improving biofuel production in algae: Present status and future prospective
Maneuvering the genetic and metabolic pathway for improving biofuel production in algae: Present status and future prospective
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DOI：
10.1016/j.rscr.2020.110155
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发表时间：
2020-11-01
影响因子：
15.9
通讯作者：
Das, Debabrata
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Banerjee, Sanjukta;Banerjee, Srijoni;Das, Debabrata
目前的能源需求不断导致我们寻求开发替代能源，以与枯竭的化石燃料储备竞争。近年来，藻类作为第三代生物燃料受到关注。然而，低的生物质浓度和代谢产物积累导致低的生物燃料产量，从而限制了其应用。本文综述了利用藻类生产生物燃料的三种可能途径：生物化学工程、基因工程和组学/代谢流的应用。生物化学工程依赖于改变不同的生理条件，如提高培养温度或施加氮胁迫，以将碳通量引向代谢物积累。基因工程利用代谢物积累的主要分子的知识来创建重组微藻菌株，其过表达特定的酶或阻断某些途径以改善目标生物分子的代谢。组学和通量分析有助于对这些操作进行数学分析，并在计算机上解释不同的可能反应，基于此可以在体内进行实验。生物化学工程是目前公认的藻类代谢物改良技术。然而，这些方法具有抑制作用，可以通过基因工程、代谢通量或组学策略来减少。据分析，这些方法的整合可能有助于我们克服目前藻类生物燃料生产的局限性。本文件讨论了每一种方法的优点、成功率和制约因素。本文明确讨论了如何结合这些工程技术可以帮助我们提高藻类中的淀粉/碳水化合物和脂质含量，使其成为未来有前途的能源原料。
The current energy demands continuously lead us to the quest of developing alternative energy sources to compete with the depleting fossil fuel reserves. In the recent years algae have garnered attention as third generation biofuel. However, low biomass concentration and metabolite accumulation results in low biofuel yield, thereby limiting its application. The present study reviews three possible approaches for enhancing biofuel production from algae: biochemical engineering, genetic engineering and application of omics/metabolic flux. Biochemical engineering depends on changing different physiological conditions such as increasing cultivation temperature or applying nitrogen stress to route the carbon flux towards metabolite accumulation. Genetic engineering exploits the knowledge of the major molecules for metabolite accumulation to create recombinant microalgal strains, which overexpresses specific enzymes or blocks certain pathways to improve metabolism of targeted biomolecules. Omics and flux analysis helps to mathematically analyze these manipulations and interpret different possible responses in silico, based on which experiments can be conducted in-vivo. Currently biochemical engineering is the most recognized technique for metabolite improvement in algae. However, these approaches have inhibitions which can be reduced by genetic engineering, metabolic flux or omics strategies. It was analyzed that integration of these approaches may help us to overcome the current limitations of algal biofuel production. The present paper discusses the merits, success rates and constraints of each of these approaches. The article explicitly discusses how combining these engineering techniques may help us to enhance the starch/carbohydrate and the lipid content in algae for establishing it as a promising energy feedstock for the future.