Adaptive mutation: the uses of adversity.
Adaptive mutation: the uses of adversity.
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev.mi.47.100193.002343
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发表时间：
1993
影响因子：
10.5
通讯作者：
P. Foster
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Foster
当微生物群体受到某些非致死选择时，在未生长的细胞中产生有用的突变体，而无用的突变体则不会。这种被称为适应性、定向或选择诱导突变的现象，挑战了长期以来认为突变只会随机出现，而不考虑效用的观点。近年来，越来越多的研究对细菌和酵母的适应性突变进行了研究。尽管冲突和争议仍然存在，但证据的重要性表明，适应性突变不能用微不足道的人为因素来解释，并且在没有基因组复制的情况下，非分裂细胞会积累突变。因为这个过程倾向于只产生有用的突变，细胞似乎有一种机制来阻止无用的遗传变化的发生，或者在它们发生后消除它们。最容易解释这些证据的模型是，在压力下的细胞会不断地、随机地产生遗传变异，但这些变异只有在允许细胞生长的情况下才会以突变的形式永久存在。
When populations of microorganisms are subjected to certain nonlethal selections, useful mutants arise among the nongrowing cells whereas useless mutants do not. This phenomenon, known as adaptive, directed, or selection-induced mutation, challenges the long-held belief that mutations only arise at random and without regard for utility. In recent years a growing number of studies have examined adaptive mutation in both bacteria and yeast. Although conflicts and controversies remain, the weight of the evidence indicates that adaptive mutation cannot be explained by trivial artifacts and that nondividing cells accumulate mutations in the absence of genomic replication. Because this process tends to produce only useful mutations, the cells appear to have a mechanism for preventing useless genetic changes from occurring or for eliminating them after they occur. The model that most readily explains the evidence is that cells under stress produce genetic variants continuously and at random, but these variants are immortalized as mutations only if they allow the cell to grow.