Epistemology

Epistemology
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认识论

DOI:
10.5040/9781350066748.ch-003
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
‘Azīz Nasafī
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Nadine Schuurman
Nadine Schuurman
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Nadine Schuurman

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本章提出伊壁鸠鲁的知识论,作为对德谟克利特认识论悲观主义的回应。第一部分讨论三个“真理的标准”——感官印象、成见以及快乐和痛苦的感觉;还有伊壁鸠鲁对知觉错误的描述,他试图通过这种描述来表明,感官毕竟提供了真实且一致的信息,尽管有时是碎片化的。第二部分涉及伊壁鸠鲁的科学方法,即信念或理论假设的证实和反驳。在最后一节中,我简要讨论了情感作为伦理标准的作用,以及伊壁鸠鲁用来称为“ἐπιλογισμός”的推理类型。
This chapter presents Epicurus’s theory of knowledge as a response to the epistemological pessimism of Democritus. The first section discusses the three “criteria of truth”—sense impressions, preconceptions, and the feelings of pleasure and pain; and also Epicurus’s account of perceptual error, by which he tried to show that the senses do after all offer true and consistent, if sometimes fragmentary, information. The second section deals with Epicurus’s scientific method, i.e. the confirmation and refutation of beliefs or theoretical hypotheses. In a final section, I briefly discuss the role of the feelings as criteria in ethics, and the kind of reasoning Epicurus used to call ἐπιλογισμός.