Target gene-independent functions of MYC oncoproteins.

Target gene-independent functions of MYC oncoproteins.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41580-020-0215-2
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发表时间:
2020-05
期刊:
Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Eilers M
Eilers M
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Baluapuri A;Wolf E;Eilers M

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MYC家族的癌蛋白是人类肿瘤发生的主要驱动因素。由于大量证据表明MYC蛋白是转录因子,因此研究其功能的重点是下游靶基因的生物学。对MYC依赖的RNA水平变化的详细研究提供了MYC致癌活性的对比模型,通过增强或抑制特定靶基因的表达,或作为转录的全局放大器。在这篇综述中,我们首先概述了MYC蛋白的生物化学,并总结了关于MYC靶基因的已知(和不清楚)。然后,我们讨论了最近的进展,在定义MYC和MYCN的相互作用,以及这些信息如何影响MYC生物学的中心概念,重点是MYC蛋白调节转录的机制。MYC蛋白在RNA聚合酶II停滞时促进转录终止,我们认为这种机制增强了基础转录的应激恢复能力。此外,MYC蛋白协调转录延长与DNA复制和细胞周期进程。最后,我们认为MYC蛋白调节转录机制的机制可能独立于其靶基因表达的整体或相对变化而促进肿瘤发生。
Oncoproteins of the MYC family are major drivers of human tumorigenesis. Since a large body of evidence indicates that MYC proteins are transcription factors, studying their function has focused on the biology of the downstream target genes. Detailed studies of MYC-dependent changes in RNA levels have provided contrasting models of the oncogenic activity of MYC through either enhancing or repressing the expression of specific target genes, or as a global amplifier of transcription. In this review, we first overview the biochemistry of MYC proteins and summarize what is known (and unclear) about MYC target genes. We then discuss recent progress in defining the MYC and MYCN interactomes and how this information affects central concepts of MYC biology, focusing on mechanisms by which MYC proteins modulate transcription. MYC proteins promote transcription termination upon stalling of RNA Polymerase II and we propose that this mechanism enhances the stress resilience of basal transcription. Furthermore, MYC proteins co-ordinate transcription elongation with DNA replication and cell cycle progression. Finally, we argue that the mechanism by which MYC proteins regulate the transcription machinery is likely to promote tumorigenesis independently of global or relative changes in the expression of their target genes.
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