Effects of pre and postnatal exposure to low levels of polybromodiphenyl ethers on neurodevelopment and thyroid hormone levels at 4 years of age
Effects of pre and postnatal exposure to low levels of polybromodiphenyl ethers on neurodevelopment and thyroid hormone levels at 4 years of age
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envint.2010.12.005
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发表时间：
2011-04-01
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Sunyer, Jordi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gascon, Mireia;Vrijheid, Martine;Sunyer, Jordi
目前，关于多溴联苯醚（PBDEs，在消费品中用作阻燃剂）对人类神经发育或甲状腺激素水平的影响的研究非常少。本研究旨在检验产前和产后多溴联苯醚浓度与4岁儿童神经发育和甲状腺激素水平之间的关联，并将多溴联苯醚的影响与多氯联苯、滴滴涕、滴滴伊和六氯苯的影响区分开来。1997年至1998年期间，在西班牙梅诺卡岛的一个前瞻性出生队列招募了482名怀孕母亲。在儿童4岁时，对其运动和认知功能（麦卡锡儿童能力量表）、注意力缺陷、多动和冲动（《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》第四版中的注意缺陷多动障碍）以及社会能力（加利福尼亚学前社会能力量表）进行评估。在脐带血（N = 88）和4岁儿童的血清（N = 244）中测量了多溴联苯醚浓度。在所有分析的同系物中，只有多溴联苯醚47在合理数量的样本中可定量（定量限 = 0.002纳克/毫升）。将多溴联苯醚47的暴露作为一个二分变量进行分析：浓度高于定量限（暴露组）和浓度低于定量限（参照组）。产前和产后暴露于多溴联苯醚47的儿童在认知和运动功能方面的得分总是低于参照组，但这些关联均无统计学意义（总认知得分的β系数（95%置信区间）：产后暴露为 -2.7（-7.0，1.6），产前暴露为 -1.4（-92.6，6.5））。产后暴露于多溴联苯醚47与注意缺陷多动障碍症状中的注意力缺陷分量表上症状风险增加有统计学显著相关性（相对危险度（95%置信区间）= 1.8（1.0，3.2）），但与多动症状无关。观察到产后暴露于多溴联苯醚47导致社会能力差症状的风险有统计学显著升高（相对危险度（95%置信区间）= 2.6（1.2，5.9））。对其他有机氯化合物进行调整并未影响结果。甲状腺激素水平与多溴联苯醚暴露无关。本研究强调了不仅在产前，而且在生命早期评估多溴联苯醚暴露影响的重要性。根据现有证据，对母亲和儿童的多溴联苯醚暴露采取预防措施似乎是有必要的。（C）2010爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
There are at present very few studies of the effects of polybromodiphenyl ethers (PBDEs), used as flame retardants in consumer products, on neurodevelopment or thyroid hormone levels in humans. The present study aims to examine the association between pre and postnatal PBDE concentrations and neurodevelopment and thyroid hormone levels in children at age 4 years and isolate the effects of PBDEs from those of PCBs, DDT, DDE and HCB. A prospective birth cohort in Menorca (Spain) enrolled 482 pregnant mothers between 1997 and 1998. At 4 years, children were assessed for motor and cognitive function (McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities), attention-deficit, hyperactivity and impulsivity (ADHD-DSM-IV) and social competence (California Preschool Social Competence Scale). PBDE concentrations were measured in cord blood (N=88) and in serum of 4 years olds (N=244). Among all congeners analyzed only PBDE 47 was quantified in a reasonable number of samples (LOQ=0.002 ng/ml). Exposure to PBDE 47 was analyzed as a dichotomous variable: concentrations above the LOQ (exposed) and concentrations below (referents).Scores for cognitive and motor functions were always lower in children pre and postnatally exposed to PBDE47 than in referents, but none of these associations was statistically significant (beta coefficient (95% CI) of the total cognition score: -2.7 (-7.0, 1.6) for postnatal exposure, and -1.4 (-92.6.5) for prenatal exposure). Postnatal exposure to PBDE 47 was statistically significantly related to an increased risk of symptoms on the attention deficit subscale of ADHD symptoms (RR (95%CI) = 1.8 (1.0, 3.2)) but not to hyperactivity symptoms. A statistically significant higher risk of poor social competence symptoms was observed as a consequence of postnatal PBDE 47 exposure (RR (95% CI) = 2.6 (1.2, 5.9)). Adjustment for other organochlorine compounds did not influence the results. Levels of thyroid hormones were not associated to PBDE exposure.This study highlights the importance of assessing the effects of PBDE exposure not just prenatally but also during the early years of life. In the light of current evidence a precautionary approach towards PBDE exposure of both mothers and children seems warranted. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.