Coexistence and Spectrum Sharing Above 100 GHz
Coexistence and Spectrum Sharing Above 100 GHz
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DOI：
10.1109/jproc.2023.3286172
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发表时间：
2021-10
影响因子：
20.6
通讯作者：
Michele Polese;Xavier Cantos-Roman;Arjun Singh;M. Marcus;T. Maccarone;T. Melodia;J. Jornet
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Michele Polese;Xavier Cantos-Roman;Arjun Singh;M. Marcus;T. Maccarone;T. Melodia;J. Jornet
电磁频谱在数字社会的发展中起着基础性的作用。它可以实现无线通信（人类或机器之间）和传感（例如，地球探测，射电天文学，成像和雷达）。虽然这些用途中的每一种都受益于更大的带宽，但频谱是有限的资源。这在频谱的不同利益相关者之间引入了竞争利益，这导致了到目前为止僵化的政策和频谱分配。最近，6 GHz以下频段的频谱紧缩促使通信技术转向更高的载波频率，未来的第六代（6 G）无线网络理论上可以利用非常大的带宽。然而，100 GHz以上的频谱具有几个狭窄但数量众多的子带，这些子带专门分配给无源感测应用，例如，用于气候和天气监测。这阻止了将大的连续频带分配给频谱的活跃用户，无论是通信（需要数十千兆赫的带宽来实现每秒太比特的链路）还是雷达。本文探讨了频谱政策和频谱技术如何发展，以实现100 GHz以上频谱的不同利益相关者之间的共享，而不会引入有害干扰或破坏安全应用或基础科学探索。这部分频谱为频谱共享方案的设计带来了新的挑战和机遇，包括更高的扩展和吸收损耗、极定向天线技术和超高速数据速率通信等。本文提供了一个关于100 GHz以上现行法规的教程，并强调了共享对于允许每个利益相关者充分利用这一频谱的重要性。然后定义-通过详细的模拟标准的国际电信联盟（ITU）的信道和天线模型的情况下，主动用户可能会引入有害的干扰被动传感。基于此评估，它回顾了一些有前途的技术，可以使100 GHz以上的主动/被动共享。本文对政策和技术的评论和指导有可能启动未来的研究和法规，促进100 GHz以上主动和被动用户之间的安全共存，进一步有利于数字技术的发展和科学探索。
The electromagnetic spectrum plays a fundamental role in the development of the digital society. It enables wireless communications (either between humans or machines) and sensing (for example, for Earth exploration, radio astronomy, imaging, and radars). While each of these uses benefits from a larger bandwidth, the spectrum is a finite resource. This introduces competing interests among the different stakeholders of the spectrum, which have led—so far—to rigid policies and spectrum allocations. Recently, the spectrum crunch in the sub-6-GHz bands has prompted communication technologies to move to higher carrier frequencies, where future sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks can exploit theoretically very large bandwidths. However, the spectrum above 100 GHz features several narrow, yet numerous subbands that are exclusively allocated for passive sensing applications, e.g., for climate and weather monitoring. This prevents the allocation of large contiguous bands to active users of the spectrum, either being communications (which need tens of gigahertz of bandwidth to target terabit-per-second links) or radars. This article explores how spectrum policy and spectrum technologies can evolve to enable sharing among different stakeholders in the above 100-GHz spectrum, without introducing harmful interference or disrupting either security applications or fundamental science exploration. This portion of the spectrum presents new challenges and opportunities for the design of spectrum sharing schemes, including higher spreading and absorption losses, extremely directional antenna technologies, and ultrahigh data-rate communications, among others. This article provides a tutorial on current regulations above 100 GHz and highlights how sharing is central to allowing each stakeholder to make the most out of this spectrum. It then defines—through detailed simulations based on standard International Telecommunications Union (ITU) channel and antenna models—scenarios in which active users may introduce harmful interference to passive sensing. Based on this evaluation, it reviews a number of promising techniques that can enable active/passive sharing above 100 GHz. The critical review and tutorial on policy and technologies of this article have the potential to kickstart future research and regulations that promote safe coexistence between active and passive users above 100 GHz, further benefiting the development of digital technologies and scientific exploration.