Improving Conservation Outcomes with a New Paradigm for Understanding Species' Fundamental and Realized Adaptive Capacity
Improving Conservation Outcomes with a New Paradigm for Understanding Species' Fundamental and Realized Adaptive Capacity
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DOI：
10.1111/conl.12190
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发表时间：
2016-03-01
影响因子：
8.5
通讯作者：
Hofmann, Gretchen E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Beever, Erik A.;O'Leary, John;Hofmann, Gretchen E.
在世界范围内，许多物种正在应对持续的气候变化，在分布，丰度，物候或行为方面发生变化。因此，自然资源管理者面临着日益紧迫的保护问题，这些问题与生物多样性丧失、入侵物种扩张和生态系统服务恶化有关。我们认为，我们解决这些问题的能力是阻碍了缺乏明确的考虑物种的适应能力（AC）。AC是物种或种群科普气候变化的能力，其特征在于三个基本组成部分：表型可塑性，扩散能力和遗传多样性。然而，很少有研究同时涉及所有要素;气候变化脆弱性评估往往将适应性与敏感性混淆或完全忽略。需要对AC进行更好的理解、一致的定义和全面的评估。使用经典生态位理论作为类比，我们提出了一个新的范式，该范式考虑基本的和已实现的AC：前者反映了物种固有的方面，而后者表示外部因素如何将AC限制为实际表达或观察到的内容。通过这种概念化，我们确定生态属性有助于AC，概述了必要的研究领域，以提高对AC的理解，并提供了例子，展示了如何纳入AC可以更好地通知保护和自然资源管理。
Worldwide, many species are responding to ongoing climate change with shifts in distribution, abundance, phenology, or behavior. Consequently, natural-resource managers face increasingly urgent conservation questions related to biodiversity loss, expansion of invasive species, and deteriorating ecosystem services. We argue that our ability to address these questions is hampered by the lack of explicit consideration of species' adaptive capacity (AC). AC is the ability of a species or population to cope with climatic changes and is characterized by three fundamental components: phenotypic plasticity, dispersal ability, and genetic diversity. However, few studies simultaneously address all elements; often, AC is confused with sensitivity or omitted altogether from climate-change vulnerability assessments. Improved understanding, consistent definition, and comprehensive evaluations of AC are needed. Using classic ecological-niche theory as an analogy, we propose a new paradigm that considers fundamental and realized AC: the former reflects aspects inherent to species, whereas the latter denotes how extrinsic factors constrain AC to what is actually expressed or observed. Through this conceptualization, we identify ecological attributes contributing to AC, outline areas of research necessary to advance understanding of AC, and provide examples demonstrating how the inclusion of AC can better inform conservation and natural-resource management.