Territorial behaviour and population dynamics in red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus. I. Population experiments
Territorial behaviour and population dynamics in red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus. I. Population experiments
复制标题
红松鸡 Lagopus lagopus Scoticus 的领地行为和种群动态。
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2003
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
P. Hudson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
F. Mougeot;S. Redpath;R. Moss;Jason Matthiopoulos;P. Hudson
摘要1.最近对周期性红松鸡种群的实验发现，睾丸激素植入物诱导的攻击性在植入物耗尽后一年多的时间里降低了种群密度。2.这证实了以前对这一领域物种的研究中所做的观察，即侵略性可以决定种群密度。此外，它暗示了一种社会记忆的形式，这种记忆在高攻击性事件的原因不复存在之后，仍然维持着这些事件的影响。3.我们用一个简单的人口密度和攻击性之间相互作用的模型来探讨这一观察结果的逻辑后果。一个灵活的函数描述了侵略性如何随着人口密度的变化而逐年变化。在低密度下，动物对同种动物具有耐受性，攻击性从一年到下一年福尔斯下降。相反，在高密度下，侵略性上升。4.在该模型中，当前的侵略性是由前一年的侵略性设置的，并由去年的人口密度（第一版本）或当前的人口密度（第二版本）进行修改。5.我们假设没有特定的行为机制的基础上，这一过程，但推导出的条件下，攻击性的变化，密度的影响，可以产生不稳定的动态。6.这两个版本的模型给出了不同的波动周期和幅度，但有类似的条件不稳定的动态。具体地说，随着密度的增加，从容忍行为到不容忍行为的转变越突然，就越有可能发生循环。7.我们展示了如何在当前的术语可以重铸先前的模型的亲属关系假设的红松鸡周期，以及如何新的模型提供了一个更一般的方式来检查红松鸡种群动态。
Summary 1. Recent experiments on cyclic red grouse populations discovered that aggressiveness, induced by testosterone implants, depressed population density for more than a year after the implants were exhausted. 2. This confirms the observation, also made in previous studies of this territorial species, that aggressiveness can determine population density. Additionally, it hints at a form of social memory that sustains the effect of episodes of high aggressiveness after their cause has ceased to exist. 3. We explore the logical consequences of this observation with a simple model of the interaction between population density and aggressiveness. A flexible function describes how aggressiveness changes from year to year as a function of population density. At low densities animals are tolerant to conspecifics and aggressiveness falls from one year to the next. Conversely, at high densities aggressiveness rises. 4. In the model, current aggressiveness is set by aggressiveness in the previous year, and modified by last year’s population density (first version) or by current population density (second version). 5. We assume no particular behavioural mechanism underlying this process but derive conditions under which changes in aggressiveness, effected by density, can generate unstable dynamics. 6. The two versions of the model give fluctuations that differ in period and amplitude but have similar conditions for unstable dynamics. Specifically, the more abrupt the transition from tolerant to intolerant behaviour with increasing density, the more likely are cycles to occur. 7. We show how a previous model of the kinship hypothesis for red grouse cycles can be recast in the current terminology, and how the new models offer a more general way of examining red grouse population dynamics.