Dispersal of fungal spores on a cooperatively generated wind
Dispersal of fungal spores on a cooperatively generated wind
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1003577107
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发表时间：
2010-09
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Marcus L. Roper;A. Seminara;M. Bandi;A. Cobb;H. Dillard;A. Pringle
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Marcus L. Roper;A. Seminara;M. Bandi;A. Cobb;H. Dillard;A. Pringle
由于它们的微观尺寸，子囊菌真菌的孢子被强行弹射出来，很快就被拖拽到静止状态。尽管如此，包括病原体核盘菌（Sclerotinia sclerotiorum）在内的一些单囊种在短暂的栖息地之间以惊人的速度传播。在这里，我们表明，通过同步喷出数千个孢子，这些真菌创造了一个空气流，通过几乎静止的空气周围的子囊盘，周围的干扰障碍，并进行孢子的大气流和新的感染部位。高速成像显示，同步是自组织的，可能是由机械应力触发的。虽然许多孢子被牺牲以产生有利的气流，从而产生孢子之间冲突的可能性，但孢子射流的几何形状物理上将气流的益处靶向在其产生中最大程度地合作的孢子。操纵局部流体环境以增强孢子传播的能力是真菌病原体生物学的一个先前被忽视的特征，并且几乎可以肯定地塑造了包括S.菌核同步孢子弹射也可能为稳定的自组织行为的进化提供一个模型。
Because of their microscopic size, the forcibly ejected spores of ascomycete fungi are quickly brought to rest by drag. Nonetheless some apothecial species, including the pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, disperse with astonishing rapidity between ephemeral habitats. Here we show that by synchronizing the ejection of thousands of spores, these fungi create a flow of air that carries spores through the nearly still air surrounding the apothecium, around intervening obstacles, and to atmospheric currents and new infection sites. High-speed imaging shows that synchronization is self-organized and likely triggered by mechanical stresses. Although many spores are sacrificed to produce the favorable airflow, creating the potential for conflict among spores, the geometry of the spore jet physically targets benefits of the airflow to spores that cooperate maximally in its production. The ability to manipulate a local fluid environment to enhance spore dispersal is a previously overlooked feature of the biology of fungal pathogens, and almost certainly shapes the virulence of species including S. sclerotiorum. Synchronous spore ejection may also provide a model for the evolution of stable, self-organized behaviors.