Effect of a large dam on malaria risk: the Koka reservoir in Ethiopia
Effect of a large dam on malaria risk: the Koka reservoir in Ethiopia
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-3156.2007.01878.x
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发表时间：
2007-08-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Spielman, Andrew
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lautze, Jonathan;McCartney, Matthew;Spielman, Andrew
目的确定埃塞俄比亚裂谷地区的科卡水库是否造成了附近地区的疟疾负担。方法对发热门诊诊断疟疾的频率与居住距离科卡水库边缘的距离进行相关分析。在距水库3公里、3-6公里和6-9公里的队列中，确定了疟疾年发病率和季节性发病率。比较了恶性疟与间日疟的危险性。结果距水库3公里以内的人群疟疾发病率是距水库3~6公里人群的1.5倍，距水库6~9公里人群的疟疾发病率是距水库6~9公里人群的2.3倍。在传播率较高的时期，靠近水库与较高的疟疾发病率有关。恶性疟原虫在靠近水库的社区和较远村庄的间日疟原虫中最为流行。水库的存在，加上年际气候变化，解释了该地区疟疾病例比率一半以上的变异性。结论大型蓄水可能会加剧疟疾在撒哈拉以南非洲疟疾流行地区的传播。
Objective To determine whether the Koka water reservoir in the Rift Valley of Ethiopia contributes to the malaria burden in its vicinity.Methods Frequency of malaria diagnosis in fever clinics was correlated with distance of residence from the margin of the Koka reservoir. Annual as well as seasonal malaria case rates were determined in cohorts residing < 3, 3 - 6 and 6 - 9 km from the reservoir. Plasmodium falciparum risk was compared with that of Plasmodium vivax. A multiple variable regression model was used to explore associations between malaria case rates and proximity to the reservoir, controlling for other suspected influences on malaria transmission.Results Malaria case rates among people living within 3 km of the reservoir are about 1.5 times as great as for those living between 3 and 6 km from the reservoir and 2.3 times as great for those living 6 - 9 km from the reservoir. Proximity to the reservoir is associated with greater malaria case rates in periods of more intense transmission. Plasmodium falciparum is most prevalent in communities located close to the reservoir and P. vivax in more distant villages. The presence of the reservoir, coupled with inter- annual climatic variations, explains more than half of the region's variability in malaria case rates.Conclusion Large water impoundments are likely to exacerbate malaria transmission in malariaendemic parts of sub- Saharan Africa.