Testing for Mississippian Period Turkey Management in the Archaeological Record of the Southeastern United States
Testing for Mississippian Period Turkey Management in the Archaeological Record of the Southeastern United States
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DOI：
10.1017/aaq.2021.58
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发表时间：
2021-10-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Reitz，Elizabeth J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Thornton，Erin Kennedy;Peres，Tanya;Reitz，Elizabeth J.
生活在中美洲和现在美国东部和西南部的人们用火鸡（Meleagris gallopavo）作为肉、蛋、骨头和羽毛的来源。其中两个地区（中美洲和美国西南部）的火鸡饲养和驯化得到了证实，但北美东部（美国东部和加拿大）的人类与火鸡的相互作用尚未得到充分探索。我们使用稳定同位素（δ13C, δ15N）和古代线粒体DNA分析来自美国东南部七个地点的考古动物样本，以测试火鸡是被管理还是被圈养。这些综合数据不支持长期或密集的圈养饲养火鸡，而较少集约化管理的证据是模糊的。有必要进行更多的研究，以确定人们是否在这些地区管理火鸡，以及这是否可以推广。确定火鸡是否在美国东南部被管理或饲养，有助于确定与整个北美火鸡管理或饲养相关的文化和环境因素。这一调查有助于讨论在动物驯化中强化的人与动物相互作用的作用。
People living in Mesoamerica and what is now the eastern and southwestern United States used turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) as sources of meat, eggs, bones, and feathers. Turkey husbandry and domestication are confirmed in two of these regions (Mesoamerica and the American Southwest), but human-turkey interactions in Eastern North American (eastern United States and Canada) are not fully explored. We apply stable isotope (δ13C, δ15N) and ancient mitochondrial DNA analyses to archaeofaunal samples from seven sites in the southeastern United States to test whether turkeys were managed or captively reared. These combined data do not support prolonged or intensive captive rearing of turkeys, and evidence for less intensive management is ambiguous. More research is warranted to determine whether people managed turkeys in these areas, and whether this is generalizable. Determining whether turkeys were managed or reared in the southeastern United States helps define cultural and environmental factors related to turkey management or husbandry throughout North America. This inquiry contributes to discussion of the roles of intensified human-animal interactions in animal domestication.