Development of the human infrahepatic inferior caval and azygos venous systems
Development of the human infrahepatic inferior caval and azygos venous systems
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DOI：
10.1111/joa.12266
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发表时间：
2015-02-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Lamers, Wouter H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hikspoors, Jill P. J. M.;Soffers, Jelly H. M.;Lamers, Wouter H.
关于哺乳动物肝下下腔静脉和奇静脉系统的发育，主要集中在尾侧主静脉、主动脉下静脉、主动脉上静脉、内外交感线和骶主静脉的贡献上。分歧似乎是由于使用地形位置而不是发育起源作为标准来定义单独的静脉系统。我们在一系列4到10周的人类胚胎中重新研究了这个问题。用Amira（（R））重建和Cinema 4D（（R））重建软件使结构可视化。椎体水平和邻近结构被用作地形标志。主要结果是：在CS 11 ~ CS15之间，尾主静脉从总主静脉向尾侧延伸，随后主下静脉从尾主静脉向腹侧发展为丛。在CS15和CS 18之间，尾侧主静脉相对于侧向扩张的肺、肾上腺、终肾、交感干和脐动脉从外侧到内侧进行了调整，然后在覆盖退化的中肾的部分（Th 12-L3）中断。左尾侧主静脉的尾侧部分随后也消退。下腔静脉肾下段起源于右尾侧主静脉，肾段起源于主下静脉。奇静脉起源于尾侧主静脉的剩余颅侧部分。我们的资料表明，下腔静脉和奇静脉系统的所有部分都直接从尾侧主静脉或从这些静脉发出的丛发育而来。
Differences in opinion regarding the development of the infrahepatic inferior caval and azygos venous systems in mammals centre on the contributions of caudal cardinal', subcardinal', supracardinal', medial and lateral sympathetic line' and sacrocardinal' veins. The disagreements appear to arise from the use of topographical position rather than developmental origin as criterion to define separate venous systems. We reinvestigated the issue in a closely spaced series of human embryos between 4 and 10weeks of development. Structures were visualized with the Amira((R)) reconstruction and Cinema4D((R)) remodelling software. The vertebral level and neighbouring structures were used as topographic landmarks. The main results were that the caudal cardinal veins extended caudally from the common cardinal vein between CS11 and CS15, followed by the development of the subcardinal veins as a plexus sprouting ventrally from the caudal cardinal veins. The caudal cardinal veins adapted their course from lateral to medial relative to the laterally expanding lungs, adrenal glands, definitive kidneys, sympathetic trunk and umbilical arteries between CS15 and CS18, and then became interrupted in the part overlaying the regressing mesonephroi (Th12-L3). The caudal part of the left caudal cardinal vein then also regressed. The infrarenal part of the inferior caval vein originated from the right caudal cardinal vein, while the renal part originated from subcardinal veins. The azygos veins developed from the remaining cranial part of the caudal cardinal veins. Our data show that all parts of the inferior caval and azygos venous systems developed directly from the caudal cardinal veins or from a plexus sprouting from these veins.