Impact of anaerobic soil disinfestation on seasonal N2O emissions and N leaching in greenhouse vegetable production system depends on amount and quality of organic matter additions.
Impact of anaerobic soil disinfestation on seasonal N2O emissions and N leaching in greenhouse vegetable production system depends on amount and quality of organic matter additions.
复制标题
厌氧土壤消毒对温室蔬菜生产系统中季节性 N2O 排放和 N 淋溶的影响取决于有机质添加量和质量
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154673
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Butterbach-Bahl K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Qasim W;Zhao Y;Meng F;Butterbach-Bahl K
中国的温室蔬菜生产（GVP）系统接受了过量的肥料（150 - 1500 kg N ha - 1year - 1）和灌溉（150 - 1200 mm /年- 1），这导致了严重的土壤退化。此外，由于同一种作物连续种植多年，土壤传播疾病很常见。厌氧土壤消毒（ASD）是一种在夏季休耕期间每3-4年进行一次的方法，以防治土壤传播的疾病并改善土壤健康。标准的ASD做法是在种植季节之前进行，包括将有机物（即稻壳或稻草）融入土壤，用塑料膜覆盖土壤并灌溉土壤直到饱和。然而，许多农民加入了大量的有机氮肥来引发ASD。在这项研究中，我们调查了稻壳加鸡粪（ASD+RM；农民做法）是否在ASD和随后的番茄作物生长期与标准的ASD做法（ASD+R：仅稻壳）或对照（休耕，但加入有机肥，非ASD年标准）相比，在ASD和随后的番茄作物生长期引起更高的环境N损失（N2O排放和N淋失）。结果表明，ASD+RM使季节性（ASD/休耕期+番茄作物生长期）土壤N2O排放量增加了3倍（ASD+RM: 14.1 kg N2O- n ha - 1; ASD+R: 4.7 kg N2O- n ha - 1），其中2/3的排放发生在长达25 d的ASD期内。在所有处理中，硝态氮（NO3−）浸出占主导地位（75%），与ASD+RM相比，ASD+R的浸出率明显较低。在两种ASD处理中，总溶解有机氮（DON）浸出比对照组高两倍。ASD对作物产量没有影响。我们的研究结果表明，ASD+RM应该被放弃，因为额外的肥料氮供应会导致高环境氮损失，而不会进一步提高产量。
Greenhouse vegetable production (GVP) systems in China receive excessive amounts of fertilizers (>1500 kg N ha−1yr−1) and irrigation (>1200 mm yr−1), which results in severe soil degradation. Moreover, soil borne diseases are common as the same crop is planted continuously over years. Anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) is a method carried out every 3–4 years during the summer fallow period to combat soil-borne diseases and to improve soil health. The standard ASD practice, which is carried out before the cropping season, involves incorporation of organic matter (i.e. rice shells or straw) into the soil, covering of the soil with plastic films and soil irrigation until saturation. However, many farmers incorporate large amounts of organic nitrogen fertilizer for priming ASD. In this study, we investigated if incorporation of rice shells plus chicken manure (ASD+RM; farmers practice) provokes higher environmental N losses (N2O emissions and N leaching) during the ASD and the following tomato crop growing period as compared to the standard ASD practice (ASD+R: only rice shells) or a Control (fallow, but with incorporation of organic manure, standard in non-ASD years). Results showed that ASD+RM increased seasonal (ASD/fallow period plus tomato crop growing period) soil N2O emissions by a factor of 3 (ASD+RM: 14.1 kg N2O-N ha−1; ASD+R: 4.7 kg N2O-N ha−1), with 2/3 of emissions occurring during the 25 days long ASD period. Across all treatments, nitrate (NO3−) leaching dominated total N leaching (75%), with significantly lower rates observed for ASD+R as compared to ASD+RM. For both ASD treatments, total dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) leaching was a factor of two higher than for the Control. Crop productivity was not affected by ASD. Our findings imply that ASD+RM should be abandoned as the additional supply of manure N results in high environmental N losses without further increasing yields.