Dynamics of histone lysine methylation: structures of methyl writers and erasers.
Dynamics of histone lysine methylation: structures of methyl writers and erasers.
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-7643-8989-5_6
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发表时间：
2011
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Cheng, Xiaodong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Upadhyay, Anup K;Cheng, Xiaodong
在真核生物中，DNA 包装到染色质中提供了一个屏障，可以调节基因组的访问。染色质难以抵抗作用于 DNA 的过程。 ATP 依赖性染色质重塑机器和组蛋白修饰复合物可以克服这一障碍（或在沉默过程中加强它）。染色质的两种成分（DNA 和组蛋白）都会发生合成后共价修饰，包括赖氨酸的甲基化（本章的重点）。这些赖氨酸标记是由许多组蛋白赖氨酸甲基转移酶（写入酶）产生的，并且可以通过组蛋白赖氨酸去甲基酶（擦除器）去除。重要的是，表观遗传修饰直接影响染色质结构，或者可以被效应调节模块读取。在这里，我们总结了有关各种组蛋白赖氨酸甲基转移酶和去甲基酶的结构和功能特性的最新知识，重点强调它们作为可成药靶点的重要性。
In Eukarya, the packaging of DNA into chromatin provides a barrier that allows for regulation of access to the genome. Chromatin is refractory to processes acting on DNA. ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling machines and histone-modifying complexes can overcome this barrier (or strengthen it in silencing processes). Both components of chromatin (DNA and histones) are subject to postsynthetic covalent modifications, including methylation of lysines (the focus of this chapter). These lysine marks are generated by a host of histone lysine methyltransferases (writers) and can be removed by histone lysine demethylases (erasers). Importantly, epigenetic modifications impact chromatin structure directly or can be read by effector regulatory modules. Here, we summarize current knowledge on structural and functional properties of various histone lysine methyltransfereases and demethylases, with emphasis on their importance as druggable targets.