MarcoPolo-R near earth asteroid sample return mission
MarcoPolo-R near earth asteroid sample return mission
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DOI：
10.1007/s10686-011-9231-8
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发表时间：
2011-07
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
M. Barucci;A. Cheng;P. Michel;L. Benner;R. Binzel;P. Bland;H. Böhnhardt;J. Brucato;A. Campo Bagatin;P. Cerroni;E. Dotto;A. Fitzsimmons;I. Franchi;S. Green;L. Lara;J. Licandro;B. Marty;K. Muinonen;A. Nathues;J. Oberst;A. Rivkin;F. Robert;R. Saladino;J. Trigo-Rodríguez;S. Ulamec;M. Zolensky
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Barucci;A. Cheng;P. Michel;L. Benner;R. Binzel;P. Bland;H. Böhnhardt;J. Brucato;A. Campo Bagatin;P. Cerroni;E. Dotto;A. Fitzsimmons;I. Franchi;S. Green;L. Lara;J. Licandro;B. Marty;K. Muinonen;A. Nathues;J. Oberst;A. Rivkin;F. Robert;R. Saladino;J. Trigo-Rodríguez;S. Ulamec;M. Zolensky
MarcoPolo-R是与NASA合作提出的一项返回原始近地小行星(NEA)的样本任务。它将与原始的NEA会合，在多个尺度上对其进行科学表征，并将一个独特的样本带回地球，不受大气进入过程或地球风化的影响。MarcoPolo-R将把一颗富含有机物质的双星小行星的大量样本(高达2千克)送回地球进行实验室分析，使我们能够：探索行星物质的起源和宜居行星形成的初始阶段；识别和表征原始小行星中的有机物和挥发物；了解双星NEA独特的地貌、动力学和演化。这个项目是基于先前的马可波罗任务研究，该研究被选为第一轮宇宙愿景的评估阶段。其科学依据得到欧空局委员会的高度评价，之所以选择它，只是因为估计费用高于M级飞行任务的分配额。马可波罗-R的成本将通过与美国国家航空航天局APL(约翰·霍普金斯大学)和喷气推进实验室合作，与欧空局的宇宙远景呼吁协调计划，降低到欧空局中等任务预算范围内。基线目标是一颗双星小行星(175706)1996FG3，它提供了一个非常有效的行动和技术任务概况。二元目标也提供了增强的科学回报。选择这一目标将使新的调查比对单一物体更容易进行，并使对单个物体不可能进行的迷人的小行星地质和地球物理的调查成为可能。在2020-2024年的时间跨度内已经确定了几个发射窗口。已经确定了一些其他可能的具有高度科学兴趣的原始单一目标，涵盖了广泛的可能发射日期。MarcoPolo-R至1996年FG3的基准飞行任务设想如下：欧空局提供的单一初级航天器将携带美国航天局提供的地球返回舱、样品采集和转移系统，由联盟-弗雷加特火箭从库鲁发射进入GTO，并使用两个空间段级。已经确定了两次类似的飞行任务，即2021年和2022年的两个发射窗口，以及2029年的两次样本返回(飞行任务持续时间分别为7年和8年)。更早或更晚的发射，在2020年或2024年，也提供了很好的机会。所有的机动都是由化学推进系统进行的。马可波罗-R利用了作为先前马可波罗任务的一部分而完成的三项工业研究(见欧空局/SRE(2009)3，马可波罗黄皮书)和由JHU-APL的A.F.郑博士(美国宇航局鞋匠附近任务的PI)领导的财团的专业知识，包括喷气推进实验室、NASA ARC、NASA LARC和麻省理工学院。
MarcoPolo-R is a sample return mission to a primitive Near-Earth Asteroid (NEA) proposed in collaboration with NASA. It will rendezvous with a primitive NEA, scientifically characterize it at multiple scales, and return a unique sample to Earth unaltered by the atmospheric entry process or terrestrial weathering. MarcoPolo-R will return bulk samples (up to 2 kg) from an organic-rich binary asteroid to Earth for laboratory analyses, allowing us to: explore the origin of planetary materials and initial stages of habitable planet formation; identify and characterize the organics and volatiles in a primitive asteroid; understand the unique geomorphology, dynamics and evolution of a binary NEA. This project is based on the previous Marco Polo mission study, which was selected for the Assessment Phase of the first round of Cosmic Vision. Its scientific rationale was highly ranked by ESA committees and it was not selected only because the estimated cost was higher than the allotted amount for an M class mission. The cost of MarcoPolo-R will be reduced to within the ESA medium mission budget by collaboration with APL (John Hopkins University) and JPL in the NASA program for coordination with ESA’s Cosmic Vision Call. The baseline target is a binary asteroid (175706) 1996 FG3, which offers a very efficient operational and technical mission profile. A binary target also provides enhanced science return. The choice of this target will allow new investigations to be performed more easily than at a single object, and also enables investigations of the fascinating geology and geophysics of asteroids that are impossible at a single object. Several launch windows have been identified in the time-span 2020–2024. A number of other possible primitive single targets of high scientific interest have been identified covering a wide range of possible launch dates. The baseline mission scenario of MarcoPolo-R to 1996 FG3 is as follows: a single primary spacecraft provided by ESA, carrying the Earth Re-entry Capsule, sample acquisition and transfer system provided by NASA, will be launched by a Soyuz-Fregat rocket from Kourou into GTO and using two space segment stages. Two similar missions with two launch windows, in 2021 and 2022 and for both sample return in 2029 (with mission duration of 7 and 8 years), have been defined. Earlier or later launches, in 2020 or 2024, also offer good opportunities. All manoeuvres are carried out by a chemical propulsion system. MarcoPolo-R takes advantage of three industrial studies completed as part of the previous Marco Polo mission (see ESA/SRE (2009)3, Marco Polo Yellow Book) and of the expertise of the consortium led by Dr. A.F. Cheng (PI of the NASA NEAR Shoemaker mission) of the JHU-APL, including JPL, NASA ARC, NASA LaRC, and MIT.