Island colonisation leads to rapid behavioural and morphological divergence in Anolis lizards
Island colonisation leads to rapid behavioural and morphological divergence in Anolis lizards
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岛屿殖民导致安乐蜥蜴的行为和形态迅速分化
DOI：
10.1007/s10682-023-10248-2
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Thurman, Timothy J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nicholson, Daniel J.;Knell, Robert J.;Folfas, Edita;Neel, Lauren K.;Degon, Zachariah;DuBois, Madeline;Ortiz-Ross, Xochitl;Chung, Albert K.;Curlis, John David;Thurman, Timothy J.
岛屿是特有现象的热点地区，往往是适应性辐射的发动机。尽管如此，我们缺乏一个深刻的理解的过程中产生的表型差异时，人口第一次殖民岛屿。重要问题包括：（1）种群是否经历了栖息地利用和行为的变化，减少了竞争和捕食，这些变化发生的速度有多快？(2)生态位占有的变化是否会导致与大陆种群的形态分化？为了调查这些问题，我们将210只细长变色蜥蜴（Anolis apletophallus）从巴拿马大陆移植到巴拿马运河中的三个岛屿上，这些岛屿与大陆相比可能物种贫乏。我们比较了栖息地的使用，飞行起始距离，形态种群之间跨越两代的分歧。我们发现，岛屿蜥蜴在殖民后立即改变了它们的行为，栖息在较低和较宽的表面上，并允许观察者在逃离之前更接近。虽然我们发现只有微弱的证据之间的关联生存和形态性状变异，性状的手段，在第二代往往转移到预期的方向，如果选择的创始人。我们的研究结果表明，殖民的个人可以迅速改变他们的行为，以利用新的结构小生境，并在形态上的实质性变化可以发生后，只有一个单一的一代。这些变化，这可能是由生态释放促进，可能是适应性辐射的岛屿谱系的第一步。
Islands are hotspots of endemism and often function as engines of adaptive radiation. Nevertheless, we lack a deep understanding of the processes that generate phenotypic divergence when populations first colonise islands. Important questions include: (1) Do populations experience shifts in habitat use and behaviour with reduced competition and predation, and how fast do these changes occur? (2) Do shifts in niche occupancy result in morphological divergence from mainland populations? To investigate these questions, we transplanted 210 slender anole lizards (Anolis apletophallus) from mainland Panama to three islands in the Panama Canal that are likely species-poor compared to the mainland. We compared habitat use, flight initiation distance, and morphology among populations across two generations of divergence. We found that island lizards changed their behaviour immediately after colonisation, perching on lower and broader surfaces and allowing observers to approach more closely before fleeing. Although we found only weak evidence for an association between survival and morphological trait variation, trait means in the second generation often shifted in the direction expected if selection had acted on the founders. Our results indicate that colonising individuals can change their behaviour rapidly to exploit new structural niches, and that substantial shifts in morphology can occur after only a single generation. These changes, which are probably facilitated by ecological release, may represent the first steps in adaptive radiation of island lineages.
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