Associations of Descriptive and Reflective Injunctive Norms With Risky College Drinking
Associations of Descriptive and Reflective Injunctive Norms With Risky College Drinking
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DOI：
10.1037/a0032828
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发表时间：
2013-12-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Spelman, Philip J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Collins, Susan E.;Spelman, Philip J.
目前的研究描述了不同参照组中描述性规范（即目标学生认为参照对象“喝到醉”的程度）和反思性禁令规范（即目标学生对参照对象认可目标学生喝到醉的看法）的相对预测能力。这项研究的目的是进一步了解哪些类型的规范和参照组与危险饮酒最密切相关。假设反思性禁令规范和描述性规范都与危险饮酒结果显著正相关，并且更近的参考组规范比更远的参考组规范具有更高的预测性。参与者（N = 837）是美国西海岸的大学生，他们在纵向父母研究的背景下完成了问卷调查。使用横断面、零膨胀负二项回归来检验描述性和反思性禁令规范（即针对典型大学生、最亲密的朋友、他们最重视的意见的人和最亲密的家庭成员）与危险饮酒（即酒精峰值量、重度饮酒发作频率和酒精相关问题）之间相关性的相对强度。研究结果表明，描述性和反思性禁令规范与风险饮酒最一致、最强烈、最积极地相关，当它们涉及到与目标大学饮酒者（即最亲密的朋友和你最看重其意见的人）更接近的参考人时。普通大学生的标准与危险饮酒的相关性不太一致。这些发现可以为加强规范性再教育和个性化的规范性反馈干预提供知识基础，以包含更多个人突出和强大的规范性信息。
The current study describes the relative predictive power of descriptive norms (i.e., how much the target student believes referents "drink until they get drunk") and reflective injunctive norms (i.e., target student's perception of referents' approval of the target student drinking until drunk) across various reference groups. The aim of this study was to gain further insight into which types of norms and reference groups are most highly concurrently correlated with risky drinking. It was hypothesized that both reflective injunctive and descriptive norms would be significantly positively correlated with risky drinking outcomes, and that more proximal reference group norms would be more highly predictive than more distal reference group norms. Participants (N = 837) were college students on the U.S. west coast who completed questionnaires in the context of a longitudinal parent study. Cross-sectional, zero-inflated negative binomial regressions were used to test the relative strengths of correlations between descriptive and reflective injunctive norms (i.e., for typical college students, closest friend, person whose opinion they value most, and closest family member) and risky drinking (i.e., peak alcohol quantity, frequency of heavy drinking episodes, and alcohol-related problems). Findings showed that descriptive and reflective injunctive norms were most consistently, strongly and positively correlated with risky drinking when they involved referents who were closer to the target college drinkers (i.e., closest friend and person whose opinion you value the most). Norms for typical college students were less consistent correlates of risky drinking. These findings may contribute to the knowledge base for enhancing normative reeducation and personalized normative feedback interventions to include more personally salient and powerful normative information.