Recommendations for developing and applying genetic tools to assess and manage biological invasions in marine ecosystems
Recommendations for developing and applying genetic tools to assess and manage biological invasions in marine ecosystems
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DOI：
10.1016/j.marpol.2017.08.014
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发表时间：
2017-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Piraino, Stefano
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Darling, John A.;Galil, Bella S.;Piraino, Stefano
欧洲联盟的《海洋战略框架指令》旨在采取综合生态系统管理办法，实现或维持海洋水域、生境和资源的“良好环境状况”，包括减轻非本地物种的负面影响。该指令进一步寻求促进对海洋生态系统状况时间趋势的广泛标准化监测工作和评估，并纳入描述NIS分布和影响的指标。实现这些目标将需要应用先进的NIS监测和风险评估工具，特别是考虑到与传统方法的调查和监测相关的已知挑战。在过去的十年中，许多基于核酸（DNA和RNA）分析的方法被开发或改进，有望显著提高评估和管理NIS的能力。然而，确保这些迅速发展的方法仍然是可访问的，并对资源管理人员的需要作出反应，仍然是一项挑战。本文在MSFD明确要求的背景下，为未来开发这些遗传工具以评估和管理海洋系统中的NIS提供了建议。所考虑的问题包括技术创新、方法标准化、数据共享和协作，以及共享基础资源的重要性，特别是整合的分类学专业知识。虽然这里提供的建议并不详尽，但它们为未来有意（和国际）合作开发NIS研究遗传工具包提供了基础，能够实现海洋生态系统和资源保护的近期和长期目标。
The European Union's Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) aims to adopt integrated ecosystem management approaches to achieve or maintain "Good Environmental Status" for marine waters, habitats and resources, including mitigation of the negative effects of non-indigenous species (NIS). The Directive further seeks to promote broadly standardized monitoring efforts and assessment of temporal trends in marine ecosystem condition, incorporating metrics describing the distribution and impacts of NIS. Accomplishing these goals will require application of advanced tools for NIS surveillance and risk assessment, particularly given known challenges associated with surveying and monitoring with traditional methods. In the past decade, a host of methods based on nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) analysis have been developed or advanced that promise to dramatically enhance capacity in assessing and managing NIS. However, ensuring that these rapidly evolving approaches remain accessible and responsive to the needs of resource managers remains a challenge. This paper provides recommendations for future development of these genetic tools for assessment and management of NIS in marine systems, within the context of the explicit requirements of the MSFD. Issues considered include technological innovation, methodological standardization, data sharing and collaboration, and the critical importance of shared foundational resources, particularly integrated taxonomic expertise. Though the recommendations offered here are not exhaustive, they provide a basis for future intentional (and international) collaborative development of a genetic toolkit for NIS research, capable of fulfilling the immediate and long term goals of marine ecosystem and resource conservation.