Cognitive processes in auditory hallucinations: attributional biases and metacognition
Cognitive processes in auditory hallucinations: attributional biases and metacognition
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DOI：
10.1017/s0033291798007314
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发表时间：
1998-09-01
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Morrison, AP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baker, CA;Morrison, AP
背景。认知模型表明，当精神事件被错误地归因于外部来源时，就会出现幻听。因此，本研究旨在检查经历幻听的患者的归因偏差。该研究还探讨了元认知信念在幻听体验中的作用，因为一些理论暗示元认知与幻听的发展和维持有关。方法。将 15 名患有幻听的精神分裂症参与者与 15 名非幻听精神分裂症患者和 15 名非精神科对照受试者进行多项措施的比较，包括直接源监测任务和评估元认知信念的问卷。结果。结果表明，经历幻觉的患者表现出将内部事件错误归因于外部来源的预期偏差，这是通过单词关联任务中反应的内部性评级来衡量的。所有群体对情感显着词的内在性和控制的感知水平较低，这为幻觉中情感内容的重要性提供了进一步的证据。研究发现，经历幻觉的患者在关于不可控性和危险的元认知信念以及关于担忧的积极信念方面得分高于其他两组。此外，逻辑回归分析表明，对不可控性和危险的信念可以预测受试者是否经历过幻听。结论。这些结果为幻听的认知偏差模型提供了相当大的支持，特别是那些涉及元认知的模型。
Background. Cognitive models suggest that auditory hallucinations are experienced when mental events are misattributed to an external source; therefore, this study was designed to examine attributional biases in patients experiencing auditory hallucinations. The study also examined the role of metacognitive beliefs in the experience of auditory hallucinations, as some theories have implicated metacognition in the development and maintenance of auditory hallucinations.Methods. Fifteen participants with a diagnosis of schizophrenia experiencing auditory hallucinations were compared with 15 non-hallucinating schizophrenics and 15 non-psychiatric control subjects on several measures, including an immediate source monitoring task and a questionnaire assessing metacognitive beliefs.Results. Results indicated that patients experiencing hallucinations exhibited the predicted bias towards misattributing internal events to an external source, as measured by ratings of internality of responses in a word association task. All groups had lower perceived levels of internality and control for emotionally salient words, which provides further evidence for the importance of emotional content in hallucinations. Patients experiencing hallucinations were found to score higher than the other two groups on metacognitive beliefs about uncontrollability and danger and positive beliefs about worry. In addition, a logistic regression analysis showed that beliefs about uncontrollability and danger were predictive of whether subjects experienced auditory hallucinations or not.Conclusions. These results offer considerable support to cognitive bias models of auditory hallucinations, particularly those that implicate metacognition.