Improving Movement Efficiency through Qualitative Slowness: A Discussion between Bergson’s Philosophy and Asian Martial Arts’ Pedagogy
Improving Movement Efficiency through Qualitative Slowness: A Discussion between Bergson’s Philosophy and Asian Martial Arts’ Pedagogy
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以质缓提高动作效率：柏格森哲学与亚洲武术教学法的探讨
DOI：
10.1080/17511321.2020.1730428
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Dietrich Gilles
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Legendre Alexandre;Dietrich Gilles
柏格森的哲学标志着西方对时间理解的一个转折点，他区分了由智力理解的定量时间和由直觉提供的定性时间。即使通过揭示这两种形态，他可以有益地重新考虑运动、感知、自由和现在的本质，并通过概述慢的概念，柏格森并没有进一步分析运动或慢的具体展开，主要是因为这些只对他感兴趣，因为它们可以启发意识的功能。作为案例研究。对他们来说，亚洲传统武术逐渐形成了一种基于动觉敏感性的、对动作效率要求很高的专业技术，这种技术使时间变量成为技能获得和传播的关键杠杆，而慢则被赋予了至关重要的意义。慢速具体执行什么？慢速练习和快速练习之间只是程度上的区别吗？通过将柏格森对这一概念的间接洞察与它在亚洲武术中的实际应用相结合，本文将区分两种类型的慢：第一种是定量的和相对的慢，它作为一种人为降低动作速度的方式，使新的意识模式能够出现，从而有利于理解动作。第二种是定性的、绝对的缓慢，它表现出一种充满持续时间的当下，当动作立即被努力的直觉所引导时——这种绝对的缓慢反映了武术所追求的运动的自然状态。
Bergson’s philosophy marked a turning point in Western understanding of time by differentiatingquantitativetime—apprehended byintelligence—fromqualitativetime—duration, embedded in consciousness and provided byintuition. Even if by unveiling those two modalities, he could beneficially reconsider the very nature of, altogether, movement, perception, liberty, and the present, and through this outline a conception of slowness, Bergson did not further the analysis towards the concrete unfolding of movement or slowness, mostly because these only interested him insofar as they could enlighten the functioning of consciousness—i.e. as case studies. For their part, Asian traditional martial arts came to elaborate a highly demanding expertise in movement efficiency based on kinesthetic sensitivity that made the variable of time a key lever of skill acquisition and transmission, with slowness being conferred a crucial importance. What does slowness specifically perform? Is there just adifference of degreebetween slow practices and the ones executed at fast speed? By crossing Bergson’s indirect insight into the notion with its pragmatic use in Asian martial arts, this paper will distinguish two kinds of slowness: first, a quantitative and relativeslowedness, that, as an artificial reduction of the pace of action, enables new modalities of consciousness to emerge for the benefit of understanding movement. Second, a qualitative and absoluteslowness, which manifests a present imbued with and driven byduration, when action is immediately guided by the intuitivefeeling of effort—this absolute slowness reflecting the natural state of movement sought by martial arts.