Race, region, and education: An analysis of Black and White scores on the 1917 Army Alpha Intelligence Test.
Race, region, and education: An analysis of Black and White scores on the 1917 Army Alpha Intelligence Test.
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种族、地区和教育：对 1917 年陆军阿尔法智力测试中黑人和白人分数的分析。
DOI：
10.2307/2295276
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发表时间：
1988
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Rury
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Rury
1917年，美国陆军发起了当时最广泛的标准化测试。在以哈佛大学教授罗伯特·M·贝南克（Robert M. Bennett）为首的一组心理学家的指导下，美国陆军使用了一种仿照刘易斯·特曼（Lewis Terman）修改版的比奈“智力”测试（即著名的斯坦福-比奈测试）的仪器，对大约175万人进行了测试，其中大多数是应征入伍者。耶基斯从这些心理学家的立场来看，陆军测试计划被视为一个系统地测量美国男性一般“智力”的绝佳机会，并确定不同社会群体之间表现差异的关键点。这些人关心的是，面对如此大规模的一系列测试，他们自己的智力变异理论是否站得住脚。“事实证明，他们一定很满意。得分中位数最高的是本地白人，其次是移民白人和本地（特别是南方）黑人。而平均白色“心理年龄”，由
In 1917 the United States Army sponsored the most sweeping application of standardized testing then yet attempted. Using an instrument modeled after Lewis Terman's modified version of the Binet "intelligence" test (the well known Stanford-Binet test), the Army administered tests to some 1,750,000 men, most of them draftees, under the direction of a team of psychologists headed by Harvard University professor Robert M. Yerkes. From the standpoint of these psychologists, the Army testing program was seen as a grand opportunity to measure systematically the general "intelligence" of American men-and to identify critical points of variation in performance from one social group to another. These men were concerned to see whether their own theories of variability in intelligence would hold up in the face of such a massive application of a single series of tests.' As it turned out, they must have been satisfied. The group with the highest median scores was native whites, followed in descending order by immigrant whites and native (particularly Southern) blacks. While the average white "mental age," as determined by