Calcium and bone metabolism during pregnancy and lactation
Calcium and bone metabolism during pregnancy and lactation
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DOI：
10.1007/s10911-005-5394-0
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发表时间：
2005-04-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Kovacs, CS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kovacs, CS
怀孕和哺乳期都需要母亲为胎儿和新生儿提供足够的钙（以及其他矿物质和营养物质）。尽管在怀孕期和哺乳期对钙的需求相似，但这两个生殖时期的母体适应差异很大。妇女每天通过母乳损失300到400毫克的钙，在6个月的纯哺乳期，骨骼矿物质含量损失5-10%来满足这一钙需求。最重要的是，失去的矿物质会在断奶后的几个月内完全恢复，因此母乳喂养的妇女不会长期缺乏骨骼矿物质含量。本文将回顾我们目前对孕期和哺乳期发生的矿物质代谢适应的理解，并将重点放在最近的证据上，即乳房本身在调节哺乳期的适应中起着核心作用。
Pregnancy and lactation both place significant demands on the mother to provide sufficient calcium (among other minerals and nutrients) to the fetus and neonate. Despite facing similar demands for calcium during pregnancy and lactation, the maternal adaptations differ significantly between these two reproductive periods. Women lose 300 to 400 mg of calcium daily through breast milk, and this calcium demand is met by a 5-10% loss of skeletal mineral content during 6 months of exclusive lactation. Most importantly, the lost mineral is fully restored within a few months of weaning, such that women who have breastfed do not have a long-term deficit in skeletal mineral content. This article will review our present understanding of the adaptations in mineral metabolism that occur during pregnancy and lactation, and will focus on recent evidence that the breast itself plays a central role in regulating the adaptations during lactation.