Using passive air samplers to assess urban-rural trends for persistent organic pollutants and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. 2. Seasonal trends for PAHs, PCBs, and organochlorine pesticides
Using passive air samplers to assess urban-rural trends for persistent organic pollutants and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. 2. Seasonal trends for PAHs, PCBs, and organochlorine pesticides
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DOI：
10.1021/es0504183
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发表时间：
2005-08-01
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Rosenberg, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Motelay-Massei, A;Harner, T;Rosenberg, B
这是两篇论文中的第二篇，展示了使用被动式空气采样器调查多伦多城乡样带持久性有机污染物的可行性。研究了多氯联苯（PCBs）和有机氯农药（ocp）的空间分布趋势。这第二篇论文调查了空气中多环芳烃（PAHs）、多氯联苯和ocp浓度的季节性。空气采样器由装在不锈钢圆顶腔内的聚氨酯泡沫（PUF）圆盘组成，从2000年6月至2001年7月部署了三个为期4个月的整合期。多环芳烃、多环芳烃和多环芳烃衍生空气浓度的季节变化反映了这些化合物的不同来源特征。多环芳烃具有明显的城乡梯度，夏季（7 ~ 10月）城市站点浓度最高。多伦多夏季的高数值归因于沥青等石油产品蒸发排放的增加。多氯联苯在春季（4 - 6月）也表现出较强的城乡梯度，空气中多氯联苯的浓度最高（大约高出2-3倍）。这是由于冬季在表层积累的多氯联苯与地面空气交换增加所致。α - hch在空间和时间上的分布较为均匀。这种模式和导出的空气浓度类似于35至100 pg m(-3)，与该地区的高容量空气数据非常吻合，增加了被动采样器操作的可信度，并表明采样率的地点差异不是问题。其他ocp在春季浓度最高。这与(i)它们的局部和/或区域应用（γ -六氯环己烷、硫丹）和（ii）它们的旋化（氯丹、滴滴涕异构体、狄氏剂和毒杀芬）有关。主成分分析结果显示，不同的目标化学品根据其化学类别/来源类型聚类。本研究的结果表明，这样一个简单的采样技术如何提供空间和季节信息。这些数据按季节进行综合，可用于评估污染物的趋势，以及大型城市中心作为某些半挥发性化合物对区域环境（包括五大湖生态系统）的潜在作用。
This is the second of two papers demonstrating the feasibility of using passive air samplers to investigate persistent organic pollutants along an urban-rural transect in Toronto. The first paper investigated spatial trends for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). This second paper investigates the seasonality of air concentrations for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), PCBs, and OCPs along this transect. Air samplers, consisting of polyurethane foam (PUF) disks housed in stainless steel domed chambers, were deployed for three 4-month integration periods from June 2000 to July 2001. The seasonal variations of derived air concentrations for PAHs, PUS, and OCPs reflected the different source characteristics for these compounds. PAHs showed a strong urban-rural gradient with maximum concentrations at urban sites during the summer period (July-October). These high summer values in Toronto were attributed to increases in evaporative emissions from petroleum products such as asphalt. PCBs also exhibited a strong urban-rural gradient with maximum air concentrations (similar to 2-3 times higher) during the spring period (April-June). This was attributed to increased surface-air exchange of PCBs that had accumulated in the surface layer over the winter. alpha-HCH was fairly uniformly distributed, spatially and temporally, as expected. This pattern and the derived air concentration of similar to 35 to similar to 100 pg m(-3) agreed well with high volume air data from this region, adding confidence to the operation of the passive samplers and showing that site-to-site differences in sampling rates was not an issue. For other OCPs, highest concentrations were observed during the spring period. This was associated with either (i) their local and/or regional application (gamma-HCH, endosulfan) and (ii) their revolatilization (chlordanes, DDT isomers, dieldrin, and toxaphene). Principal component analysis resulted in clusters for the different target chemicals according to their chemical class/source type. The results of this study demonstrate how such a simple sampling technique can provide both spatial and seasonal information. These data, integrated over seasons, can be used to evaluate contaminant trends and the potential role of large urban centers as sources of some semivolatile compounds to the regional environment, including the Great Lakes ecosystem.