Hearing Loss Prevalence and Risk Factors Among Older Adults in the United States
Hearing Loss Prevalence and Risk Factors Among Older Adults in the United States
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DOI：
10.1093/gerona/glr002
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发表时间：
2011-05-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Ferrucci, Luigi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lin, Frank R.;Thorpe, Roland;Ferrucci, Luigi
背景资料。听力损失与老年人的认知和功能下降有关，可能需要康复干预，但无法获得国家对老年人听力损失患病率和助听器使用的估计。我们分析了2005-2006年全国健康和营养检查调查周期的数据，这是第一个纳入70岁及以上成年人听力评估的周期。对717名老年人进行了听力测试，并从访谈中获得了助听器使用、噪音暴露、病史和人口统计学数据。分析纳入了抽样权重，以说明复杂的抽样设计并产生可推广到美国人口的结果。结果。听力损失定义为语言频率纯音平均大于25分贝的较好耳的患病率为63.1%(95%可信区间：57.4-68.8)。经多因素调整后，年龄、性别和种族是与听力损失最相关的因素，黑人对听力损失有很大的保护作用(与白人参与者相比，优势比为0.32[95%可信区间：0.19-0.53])。40.0%(95%可信区间：35.1~44.8)的中度听力损失成年人使用助听器，而轻度听力损失的成年人使用助听器的比例仅为3.4%(95%可信区间：0.8~6.0)。听力损失在美国人口中近三分之二的70岁及以上的成年人中很普遍。还需要进一步的研究，以确定黑人种族对听力损失的保护作用的流行病学和生理学基础，并确定助听器在轻度听力损失人群中的作用。
Background. Hearing loss has been associated with cognitive and functional decline in older adults and may be amenable to rehabilitative interventions, but national estimates of hearing loss prevalence and hearing aid use in older adults are unavailable.Methods. We analyzed data from the 2005-2006 cycle of the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey, which is the first cycle to ever incorporate hearing assessment in adults aged 70 years and older. Audiometry was performed in 717 older adults, and data on hearing aid use, noise exposure, medical history, and demographics were obtained from interviews. Analyses incorporated sampling weights to account for the complex sampling design and yield results that are generalizable to the U.S. population.Results. The prevalence of hearing loss defined as a speech frequency pure tone average of more than 25 dB in the better ear was 63.1% (95% confidence interval: 57.4-68.8). Age, sex, and race were the factors most strongly associated with hearing loss after multivariate adjustment, with black race being substantially protective against hearing loss (odds ratio 0.32 compared with white participants [95% confidence interval: 0.19-0.53]). Hearing aids were used in 40.0% (95% confidence interval: 35.1-44.8) of adults with moderate hearing loss, but in only 3.4% (95% confidence interval: 0.8-6.0) of those with a mild hearing loss.Conclusion. Hearing loss is prevalent in nearly two thirds of adults aged 70 years and older in the U.S. population. Additional research is needed to determine the epidemiological and physiological basis for the protective effect of black race against hearing loss and to determine the role of hearing aids in those with a mild hearing loss.