Scale mismatches and their ecological and economic effects on landscapes: A spatially explicit model
Scale mismatches and their ecological and economic effects on landscapes: A spatially explicit model
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DOI：
10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2008.07.007
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发表时间：
2008-10
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
A. Satake;T. Rudel;A. Onuma
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Satake;T. Rudel;A. Onuma
人类决策的空间尺度与自然进程之间的不匹配会造成全球变暖和生物多样性丧失等环境问题。人们通过清理土地或燃烧化石燃料等当地活动破坏环境，但这种破坏只会在更大的区域或全球范围内表现出来，而没有人为此付出代价。对碳封存等生态服务的支付可以纠正规模不匹配造成的这些损害。本文提出了一个空间显式的土地利用模型，研究授粉和碳储存服务的规模不匹配的后果，并检查只支付碳储存服务的效果。该模型集成了多个空间尺度的过程，从土地所有者决定砍伐森林所使用的地块级别，到动物为植物授粉所使用的更大尺度，最后到提供碳储存服务的全球尺度。我们表明，碳储存服务的支付可以成为一个有效的机制，以保护森林的同时，它造成土地所有者之间的收入水平的不平等。这些研究结果表明，以市场为基础的方法，侧重于保护一个单一的生态系统服务可能会重现土地所有者之间的不平等的权力关系。
Mismatches between the spatial scales of human decision-making and natural processes contribute to environmental problems such as global warming and biodiversity losses. People damage the environment through local activities like clearing land or burning fossil fuels, but the damages only become manifest at larger regional or global scales where no one pays for them. Payments for ecological services like carbon sequestration can correct for these damages caused by scale mismatches. This paper presents a spatially explicit land-use model to investigate the consequences of scale mismatches for pollination and carbon storage services and examine the effect of payment for only carbon storage services. The model integrates processes in multiple spatial scales ranging from the parcel level used by landowners’ decision about deforestation, to the larger scale used by animals to pollinate plants, and finally to the global scale where carbon storage services are supplied. We show that payment for carbon storage services can become an effective mechanism to protect forests at the same time that it creates inequities among landowners in income level. These findings suggest that market-based approaches that focus on conservation of a single ecosystem service may reproduce unequal power relations among landowners.