Regression equations in clinical neuropsychology: An evaluation of statistical methods for comparing predicted and obtained scores
Regression equations in clinical neuropsychology: An evaluation of statistical methods for comparing predicted and obtained scores
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DOI：
10.1076/jcen.20.5.755.1132
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发表时间：
1998-10-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Howell, DC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Crawford, JR;Howell, DC
回归方程被广泛应用于临床神经心理学，特别是作为一种替代传统的规范数据。在神经心理学的应用中，最常见的方法是将估计的标准误差乘以适当的z值，以形成预测分数的置信限，从而推断个体的测试分数与回归方程预测的分数之间的差异。技术上正确的方法是计算新个体Y的标准误差，并将其乘以对应于期望限值的t值（例如，90%或95%）。这两种方法是在产生的数据集进行比较，以广泛代表临床神经心理学中使用的数据集。前一种方法产生的置信限比真实的置信限窄，并且不能反映预测因子的分数偏离均值时置信限变宽的事实。然而，对于研究的许多示例数据集，这两种方法之间的差异微不足道，从而为使用前一种（技术上不正确）方法的人提供了保证。尽管如此，最好使用正确的方法，特别是对于从具有适度N的样本导出的方程，以及对于预测变量具有极端分数的个体。为了便于使用正确的方法，计算机程序可用于临床实践。
Regression equations are widely used in clinical neuropsychology, particularly as an alternative to conventional normative data. In neuropsychological applications the most common method of making inferences concerning the difference between an individual's test score and the score predicted by a regression equation is to multiply the standard error of estimate by an appropriate value of z to form confidence limits around the predicted score. The technically correct method is to calculate the standard error of a new individual Y and multiply it by the value of t corresponding to the desired limits (e.g., 90% or 95%). These two methods are compared in data sets generated to be broadly representative of data sets used in clinical neuropsychology.The former method produces confidence limits which are narrower than the true confidence limits and fail to reflect the fact that limits become wider as scores on the predictor deviate from the mean. However, for many of the example data sets studied, the differences between the two methods were trivial, thereby providing reassurance for those who use the former (technically incorrect) method. Despite this, it would be preferable to use the correct method particularly with equations derived from samples with modest Ns, and for individuals with extreme scores on the predictor variable(s). To facilitate use of the correct method a computer program is made available for clinical practice.