CONFIDENCE LIMITS ON PHYLOGENIES: THE BOOTSTRAP REVISITED
CONFIDENCE LIMITS ON PHYLOGENIES: THE BOOTSTRAP REVISITED
复制标题
系统发育的置信极限：重新审视引导程序
作者：
Michael J. Sanderson1
摘要：自助法是一种非参数统计分析，可用于评估系统发育的置信限。最广泛使用的方法是测试单个分支的单系性。本文提出了额外的应用程序的引导程序，提供有用的信息，甚至当许多分支被发现不支持的信心（经常发生在实践中）。在这种情况下，仍然有可能通过检查包含它们的最小单系群的相对大小来限制分类群的系统发育位置。此外，可以确定这些较大分支的分类组成，以及它们出现的相对可能性。还讨论了关于成员在特定分支和关于整个拓扑结构的假设之间的区别。为了研究后者，Bootstrap被用来估计树木相似性指数的抽样分布。所有的方法都说明了一个大的数据集的被子植物家庭紫菀，从文献中选择。
Abstract— The bootstrap, a non‐parametric statistical analysis, can be used to assess confidence limits on phylogcnics. The method most widely used tests the monophyly of individual clades. This paper proposes additional applications of the bootstrap which provide useful information about phylogeny even when many clades are found not to be supported with confidence (as often occurs in practice). In such cases it is still possible to place a constraint on the phylogenetic position of taxa by examining the relative size of the smallest monophyletic groups that contain them. In addition, the taxonomic composition of these larger clades can be determined, as well as the relative likelihood of their occurrence. The distinction between hypotheses about membership in particular clades and hypotheses about entire topologies is also discussed. To investigate the latter, the bootstrap is used to estimate the sampling distribution of tree similarity indices. All methods are illustrated by reference to a large data set on the angiosperm family Asteraccae, selected from the literature.