An initial examination of ease of use for 2D and 3D information visualizations of web content
An initial examination of ease of use for 2D and 3D information visualizations of web content
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DOI：
10.1006/ijhc.2000.0413
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发表时间：
2000-11-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Cook, DB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Risden, K;Czerwinski, MP;Cook, DB
我们对一组三个 Web 浏览器的用户界面设计进行了讨论和初步实证研究。我们确定的目标最终用户群体是维护大型网站或门户的经验丰富的软件工程师。用户研究向该目标用户展示了两种传统 2D 浏览器以及 XML3D 的优点和缺点，XML3D 是一种新颖的浏览器，它将交互式 3D 双曲线图视图与更传统的 2D 数据列表视图集成在一起。标准折叠/展开树浏览器和类似于 Yahoo! 的基于 Web 的分层分类，针对 XML3D 进行了竞争性评估。两个 2D 浏览器之间没有观察到可靠的差异。然而，结果显示 XML3D 和 2D 用户界面组合之间存在明显差异。借助 XML3D，参与者可以更快、更可靠地在现有类别中执行搜索任务，而且响应质量不会下降。据非正式观察，将查看信息空间整体结构的能力与轻松评估本地和全局关系的能力相结合是成功搜索性能的关键。 XML3D 是这三个工具中唯一能够在一个可视化中有效显示整体结构的工具。 XML3D 浏览器通过组合 3D 图形布局视图以及随附的 2D 列表视图来实现此目的。在新类别搜索任务中，用户确实选择使用 XML3D 的 2D 用户界面组件，并且在这些情况下不再获得 XML3D 性能优势。此外，三种用户界面设计的总体用户满意度没有可靠的差异。由于我们根据搜索任务的类型观察到受试者使用 XML3D 特征的方式有所不同，因此未来的研究应该探索整合新颖的焦点 + 上下文可视化和 2D 列表的使用的最佳方法，以实现有效的信息检索。本文的贡献在于，它包含了经验数据，以证明新颖的焦点+上下文视图除了需要改进设计之外，还可以在哪些方面比更传统的用户界面技术使有经验的用户受益。 (C) 2000 年学术出版社。
We present a discussion and initial empirical investigation of user-interface designs for a set of three Web browsers. The target end-user population we identified were experienced software engineers who maintained large Web sites or portals. The user study demonstrated the strengths and weaknesses of two conventional 2D browsers for this target user, as well as that of XML3D, a novel browser that integrates an interactive 3D hyperbolic graph view with a more traditional 2D list view of the data. A standard collapse/expand tree browser and a Web-based hierarchical categorization similar to Yahoo!, were competitively evaluated against XML3D. No reliable difference between the two 2D browsers was observed. However, the results showed clear differences between XML3D and the 2D user interfaces combined. With XML3D, participants performed search tasks within existing categories reliably faster with no decline in the quality of their responses. It was informally observed that integrating the ability to view the overall structure of the information space with the ability to easily assess local and global relationships was key to successful search performance. XML3D was the only tool of the three that efficiently showed the overall structure within one visualization. The XML3D browser accomplished this by combining a 3D graph layout view as well as an accompanying 2D list view. Users did opt to use the 2D user-interface components of XML3D during new category search tasks, and the XML3D performance advantage was no longer obtained in those conditions. In addition, there were no reliable differences in overall user satisfaction across the three user-interface designs. Since we observed subjects using the XML3D features differently depending on the kind of search task, future studies should explore optimal ways of integrating the use of novel focus + context visualizations and 2D lists for effective information retrieval. The contribution of this paper is that it includes empirical data to demonstrate where novel focus + context views might benefit experienced users over and above more conventional user-interface techniques, in addition to where design improvements are warranted. (C) 2000 Academic Press.