Neurobehavioral foundation of environmental reactivity.
Neurobehavioral foundation of environmental reactivity.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1037/bul0000028
复制
发表时间：
2016-02
影响因子：
22.4
通讯作者：
S. R. Moore;R. Depue
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. R. Moore;R. Depue
多年来，人们一直对环境背景的敏感性感兴趣，但在过去20年中，环境敏感性的个体差异本质已成为特别关注的焦点。尤其不确定的是介导环境对发育结果影响的神经变量和过程。因此，我们分几个步骤为对环境的反应性提供了神经行为学基础。首先，对环境敏感性的不同模式进行定义，以确定这些模式表现所涉及的重要因素。其次，我们将神经生物学反应性作为环境敏感性差异的基础结构，通过以下方式进行研究：(a)提供一个由环境背景引发神经生物学的组织阈值模型；(b)根据两组神经调节剂各自对神经和行为对刺激的反应性的贡献以及与情绪 - 动机系统（多巴胺、阿片类物质和催产素、促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素）的关系或对这些系统的一般调节作用（血清素、去甲肾上腺素和γ - 氨基丁酸），整合相关文献。讨论最后得出：(a)一个基于超特质组合模型的环境反应性综合神经行为学框架，(b)该模型的方法学意义，以及(c)环境反应性的发展视角。
Sensitivity to environmental context has been of interest for many years, but the nature of individual differences in environmental sensitivity has become of particular focus over the past 2 decades. What is particularly uncertain are the neural variables and processes that mediate the effects of environment on developmental outcomes. Accordingly, we provide a neurobehavioral foundation of reactivity to the environment in several steps. First, the different patterns of environmental sensitivity are defined to identify the significant factors involved in the manifestation of these patterns. Second, we focus on neurobiological reactivity as the construct underlying variation in sensitivity to the environment by (a) providing an organizing threshold model of elicitation of neurobiology by environmental context; and (b) integrating the literature on 2 sets of neuromodulators in terms of each modulator's (a) contribution to neural and behavioral reactivity to stimulation, and (b) relation to emotional-motivational systems (dopamine, opiates and oxytocin, corticotropin-releasing hormone) or the general modulation of those systems (serotonin, norepinephrine, and GABA). Discussion concludes with (a) a comprehensive neurobehavioral framework of environmental reactivity based on a combinatorial model of a supertrait, (b) methodological implications of the model, and (c) a developmental perspective on environmental reactivity.