EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVALUATION OF ELEPHANT ENDOTHELIOTROPIC HERPESVIRUS 3B INFECTION IN AN AFRICAN ELEPHANT (LOXODONTA AFRICANA)
EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVALUATION OF ELEPHANT ENDOTHELIOTROPIC HERPESVIRUS 3B INFECTION IN AN AFRICAN ELEPHANT (LOXODONTA AFRICANA)
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DOI：
10.1638/2016-0063r.1
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发表时间：
2017-06-01
影响因子：
0.7
通讯作者：
Ling, Paul D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bronson, Ellen;McClure, Michael;Ling, Paul D.
这项流行病学研究跟踪了一头5岁的雄性非洲象(Loxodonta Africana)，在一次由大象嗜内皮疱疹病毒3B(EEHV3B)引起的出血性疾病(HD)发作期间，利用了临床发作期间和之后的完整血细胞计数、电泳法和急性期蛋白分析以及多体液的聚合酶链式反应(PCR)数据。大象突然出现明显的嗜睡和食欲不振，随后出现多饮，结膜和舌头局部充血，头部和腹部肿胀。中度白细胞减少伴随着带状中性粒细胞减少、淋巴细胞减少、单核细胞减少和血小板减少，随后在第10天，所有三种细胞类型均升高。在疾病的头几周，血清淀粉样蛋白A和C反应蛋白适度增加。常规全血聚合酶链式反应检测EEHV3B呈强阳性。定量聚合酶链式反应显示中度病毒血症，到治疗第35天慢慢恢复到检测不到的水平。从第22天开始，EEHV3B在中等水平的行李箱洗涤样本中脱落10天，然后在低水平下脱落长达8.5mo。从小牛患病的第28天开始，所有的三只雌性牛群伙伴都会间歇性地在树干洗涤中去除低水平的EEHV3B，直到7个多月后。在8.5个月的时间里，小牛的大多数唾液样本也对EEHV3B呈阳性。在牛犊发病后127-190天，一名雌性牧民的唾液样本中有一小部分呈阳性。在同一时间段内，从小象和雌性牧群中零星检测到四种大象伽马疱疹病毒。治疗在出现临床症状时开始，包括直肠和口腔液以及口服泛昔洛韦。这是大象物种中的第一例EEHV3B HD病例，也是第一次对非洲大象中的EEHV HD进行彻底的流行病学评估。
This epidemiologic study follows a 5-yr-old male African elephant (Loxodonta africana) during an episode of hemorrhagic disease (HD) due to elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus 3B (EEHV3B) utilizing data from complete blood counts, electrophoresis and acute phase protein analysis, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of multiple body fluids during and after the clinical episode. The elephant presented with sudden onset of marked lethargy and inappetence followed by hypersalivation, hyperemia of the conjunctivae and focally on the tongue, and swellings on the head and ventrum. A moderate leukocytopenia with band neutrophilia, lymphopenia, monocytopenia, and thrombocytophilia was followed by a rise in all three cell types by day 10. Moderate increases in serum amyloid A and C-reactive protein were noted in the first weeks of illness. Conventional PCR of whole blood yielded a strong positive result for EEHV3B. Quantitative PCR revealed moderate viremia, which slowly returned to undetectable levels by day 35 of treatment. EEHV3B was shed in trunk wash samples starting at day 22 for 10 days at moderate levels, and then at low levels for up to 8.5 mo. All three female herd mates shed low levels of EEHV3B in trunk washes intermittently starting from day 28 of the calf's illness until over 7 mo afterward. The majority of saliva samples from the calf over the 8.5-mo period were also positive for EEHV3B. A subfraction of saliva samples from a female herdmate was positive from days 127-190 following disease onset in the calf. Four elephant gammaherpesviruses were detected sporadically from the calf and female herdmates during this same time period. Treatment was started at the onset of clinical signs and consisted of rectal and oral fluids and oral famciclovir. This is the first case of EEHV3B HD in an elephant species and the first thorough epidemiologic evaluation of EEHV HD in an African elephant.