Movements of four native Hawaiian birds across a naturally fragmented landscape
Movements of four native Hawaiian birds across a naturally fragmented landscape
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DOI：
10.1111/jav.00924
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发表时间：
2017-07-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Rankin, Erin E. Wilson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Knowlton, Jessie L.;Flaspohler, David J.;Rankin, Erin E. Wilson
动物经常通过跨越空间移动来增加其适应性，以响应栖息地质量和资源可用性的时间变化，以及种内和种间相互作用的结果。种群甚至整个物种的长期持续性取决于个体运动的集体模式，但动物运动在景观水平上的研究很少。我们量化的运动行为在四个本地物种的夏威夷森林鸟类在一个复杂的熔岩碎片景观：夏威夷？包括绿绿锥螺、暗灰锥螺、血红锥螺和红锥螺。我们评估了运动行为和斑块保真度的六个潜在内在和外在驱动因素的相对重要性：1）森林碎片大小，2）入侵大鼠（Rattus sp.）的存在或不存在，3)季节，4）物种，5）年龄，和6）性别。这项研究是在34个森林片段的景观中进行的，大小从0.07到12.37公顷不等，其中16只老鼠使用处理控制设计。我们发现最大的运动在nectivorous阿帕帕内和iiwi，中间水平的通才夏威夷？我amakihi，和最短的平均运动为毛，食果动物。我们发现的证据，更大的补丁大小增加补丁保真度只在茂，和大鼠去除增加补丁保真度的夏威夷？我是经过两年的老鼠清除。更大的运动在非繁殖季节观察到在所有物种，季节是一个重要因素，解释较高的补丁保真度在繁殖季节的阿帕帕内和iiwi。性别是重要的，在解释补丁保真度，只有在茂，与男性表现出较高的补丁保真度。我们的研究结果为这些夏威夷本土物种如何应对不断变化的环境提供了新的见解，包括栖息地碎片化和气候变化威胁的分布变化。
Animals often increase their fitness by moving across space in response to temporal variation in habitat quality and resource availability, and as a result of intra and inter-specific interactions. The long-term persistence of populations and even whole species depends on the collective patterns of individual movements, yet animal movements have been poorly studied at the landscape level. We quantified movement behavior within four native species of Hawaiian forest birds in a complex lava-fragmented landscape: Hawai?i amakihi Chlorodrepanis virens, omao Myadestes obscurus, apapane Himatione sanguinea, and iiwi Drepanis coccinea. We evaluated the relative importance of six potential intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of movement behavior and patch fidelity: 1) forest fragment size, 2) the presence or absence of invasive rats (Rattus sp.), 3) season, 4) species, 5) age, and 6) sex. The study was conducted across a landscape of 34 forest fragments varying in size from 0.07 to 12.37 ha, of which 16 had rats removed using a treatment-control design. We found the largest movements in the nectivorous apapane and iiwi, intermediate levels in the generalist Hawai?i amakihi, and shortest average movement for the omao, a frugivore. We found evidence for larger patch sizes increasing patch fidelity only in the omao, and an effect of rat-removal increasing patch fidelity of Hawai?i amakihi only after two years of rat-removal. Greater movement during the non-breeding season was observed in all species, and season was an important factor in explaining higher patch fidelity in the breeding season for apapane and iiwi. Sex was important in explaining patch fidelity in omao only, with males showing higher patch fidelity. Our results provide new insights into how these native Hawaiian species will respond to a changing environment, including habitat fragmentation and changing distribution of threats from climate change.