The biology of Cephalops curtifrons (Diptera: Pipunculidae), an endoparasite of Stenocranus minutus (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)
The biology of Cephalops curtifrons (Diptera: Pipunculidae), an endoparasite of Stenocranus minutus (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)
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Cephalops curtifrons（双翅目：Pipunculidae）的生物学，Stenocranus minutus（半翅目：Delphacidae）的体内寄生虫
DOI：
10.1111/j.1096-3642.1979.tb01899.x
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发表时间：
1979
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Y. May
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Y. May
短额头是狭颅小（Stenocranus minutus，Fabricius）的一种体内寄生虫，在成虫期造成死亡。它是一化性的和寄主特异性的。卵产于四龄或五龄。幼虫在38天内孵化。第一龄幼虫在宿主体内越冬，时间为24-25周。滞育后蜕皮至二龄。这个阶段相对较短，30-35天后幼虫从宿主中羽化，在土壤或落叶中化蛹。成虫在18-30天后出现，这与宿主的第四和第五龄的存在相一致。以前的描述C。curttfions只处理成年人。幼虫和蛹阶段在这里详细描述，连同新的成人字符涉及的中基节和腹侧的女性刺。寄生后的S. minutus，导致胸骨和背肌分离，这样的个体很容易识别。股骨、抱茎器和产卵器的大小显著减少。在体内，胸部肌肉组织和神经组织丧失，严重限制了宿主的运动。性器官总是受到影响。雌性受精囊、副腺和卵巢管，雄性睾丸、受精囊导管和副腺部分或全部破坏。然而，被寄生的睾丸大大减少的雄性能够受精。寄生率在4、5月份最高，分别为16.8%和53.3%。短翅幼虫
Cephalops curtlfrow Coe is an internal parasite of Stenocranus minutus (Fabricius), causing mortality in the adult stage. I t is univoltine and host-specific. Eggs are laid in the fourth or fifth instar of S. rninulus and hatch within 38 days. The first larval instars overwinter within their hosts, a period of 24–25 weeks. After diapause, they moult to the second instar. This stage is relatively short and 30–35 days later the larvae emerge from the host, to pupate in the soil or in leaf-litter. The adult flies emerge after 18–30 days, which coincides with the presence in the field of the fourth and fifth instars of the host. Previous descriptions of C. curttfions have dealt only with the adult. Larval and pupal stages are here described in detail, together with new adult characters involving spines on the midcoxae and abdominal pleurae of the female. Parasitism i-esults in gross distortion of the abdomen of S. minutus, causing a separation of sternites and tergites, such individuals being easy to recognize. A significant reduction occurs in femur, clasper and ovipositor size. Internally there is loss of the thoracic musculature and nervous tissue, severely restricting host movement. The sex organs are invariably affected. The spermatheca, accessory glands and ovarioles in females, and testes, sperrnathecal ducts and accessory glands in males are partially or completely destroyed. However, parasitized males with greatly reduced testes are capable of fertilization. Parasitism was found to be highest in April and May, when 16.8% of macropterous and 53.3% of submacropterous minutus contained C. curtlfrow larvae.