Constraint, flexibility, and phylogenetic history in the evolution of direct development in sea urchins.
Constraint, flexibility, and phylogenetic history in the evolution of direct development in sea urchins.
复制标题
海胆直接发育进化的约束、灵活性和系统发育史。
DOI：
10.1016/0012-1606(87)90201-6
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发表时间：
1987
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Raff,RA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Raff,RA
海胆的发育通常涉及到一个精心制作的幼虫的生产，pluteus，其中少年海胆生长。然而，相当一部分的海胆已经完全或部分地消除了pluteus，而是从一个大的蛋直接发育。直接发育主要是通过异时性实现的，即通过缩短或消除幼虫发育过程和加速与成虫特征发育有关的过程。直接开发已经独立地发展了好几次，并以几种方式发展。这些从根本上改变的个体发育提供了显着的机会，早期发展经历进化修改的机制的研究。最近可用的单克隆抗体和cDNA探针，识别同源细胞的胚胎密切相关的典型和直接发展的物种，使实验分析的细胞和分子基础的异时性变化的发展。
Development in sea urchins typically involves the production of an elaborate feeding larva, the pluteus, within which the juvenile sea urchin grows. However, a significant fraction of sea urchins have completely or partially eliminated the pluteus, and instead undergo direct development from a large egg. Direct development is achieved primarily by heterochrony, that is, by the abbreviation or elimination of larval developmental processes and the acceleration of processes involved in development of adult features. Direct development has evolved independently several times, and in several ways. These radically altered ontogenies offer remarkable opportunities for the study of the mechanisms by which early development undergoes evolutionary modification. The recent availability of monoclonal antibody and cDNA probes that recognize homologous cells in embryos of closely related typical and direct developing species makes possible an experimental analysis of the cellular and molecular bases for heterochronic changes in development.