Scientific Status of Psychodynamic Theory — Some Conceptual Problems: Discussion Paper
Scientific Status of Psychodynamic Theory — Some Conceptual Problems: Discussion Paper
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心理动力学理论的科学地位——一些概念问题：讨论论文
DOI：
10.1177/014107688507800710
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发表时间：
1985
影响因子：
17.3
通讯作者：
B. Farrell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Farrell
当精神病学实习生开始在这个国家学习时，他们有时会面临这样一个问题：“我应该对被称为心理动力学理论的理论家族给予多大的关注和重视？在试图处理这个问题时，受训者面临着各种各样的答案。例如，在《临床精神病学》（Clinical Psychiatry）第二版的序言中，梅耶-格罗斯等人（1960）说，他们正在减少对弗洛伊德理论的讨论。这本书的第二版（1960年）和第三版（1969年）对精神分析的关注相对较少，而精神分析恰恰是在我们应该期望找到它的地方，即在对神经症反应的考察中。相反，由Forrest et al.（1978）和Kendell & Zealley（1983）编辑的《精神病患者指南》第二版和第三版对心理动力学概念及其应用表现出不同的、更包容的态度。这种情况的原因是什么？我们很容易对受训者说，问题的根源在于对心理动力学理论的科学地位的怀疑和不确定性。如果这种状态得到了解决，那么就不会有任何分歧，受训者就会知道应该给予心理动力学（PD）多大程度的尊重和关注。这种观点本身是可以辩论的，但我不想讨论它，我认为它足够接近真理，值得沿着这些路线沿着来研究这个问题。那么，如果受训者的麻烦在于怀疑PD的科学地位，那么他处理这些麻烦的方法就是解决并掌握它们。他做得越好，越彻底，他就越能对他们采取歧视行动。但要说这些，当然是要打开一个巨大的主题。我所要做的是展示并简要评论关于PD的一些主要疑虑。我将从一个实际问题开始。我将向你们介绍一种情况，我将把它分解到最基本的部分，以便让我能够迅速地进入一些概念上的困难，而不被临床细节所阻碍。
When psychiatric trainees begin their course of study in this country they are faced at some time with this question: 'How much attention and weight should I give to the family of theories known as psychodynamic theory?' In trying to deal with this question, the trainee is confronted by a variety of answers. For example, in the preface to the second edition of 'Clinical Psychiatry', Mayer-Gross et al. (1960) say that they are curtailing discussion of Freudian theory. Both the second (1960) and third (1969) editions of the book give relatively little attention to psychoanalysis at the very place where we should expect to find it namely, in the examination of neurotic reactions. In contrast, the second and third editions of 'Companion to Psychiatric Studies', edited by Forrest et al. (1978) and by Kendell & Zealley (1983), exhibit a different, and more accommodating attitude towards psychodynamic concepts and their application. What is the explanation of this state of affairs? It is tempting to say to the trainee that the root source of the trouble lies in doubts and uncertainties about the scientific status of psychodynamic theory. If this status were settled, then there would be no divergent views about it. The trainee would then know what sort of degree of respect and attention to give to psychodynamics (PD). This view of the matter is itself open to debate, but I shall not discuss it. I shall suppose that it is sufficiently close to the truth to make it worthwhile to examine the problem along these lines. If, then, the troubles of the trainee lie in doubts about the scientific status of PD, the way for him to deal with these troubles is to work through and master them. The better and more thoroughly he can do this, the more will he be able to act with discrimination about them. But to say this, of course, is to open up an enormous subject. What I shall do is exhibit and comment briefly on some of the main doubts about PD. I shall do this by starting with a practical problem. I shall present you with a situation which I shall pare down to its bare bones, in order to allow me to get into some of the conceptual difficulties quickly, without being held up by the clinical details.