Lead-free piezoelectric ceramics: Alternatives for PZT?
Lead-free piezoelectric ceramics: Alternatives for PZT?
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s10832-007-9047-0
复制
发表时间：
2007-09-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Zhang, Shujun J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shrout, Thomas R.;Zhang, Shujun J.
最近对无铅压电陶瓷开发的研究表明其性能与以 Pb(Zr,Ti)O-3 或 PZT 为代表的铅基铁电钙钛矿相当。在这项工作中，这些材料的科学和技术影响与各种“软”和“硬”PZT 系列进行了对比。在科学方面，介电和压电特性的内在本质与其各自的居里温度（T-C）和同形相界（MPB）的存在有关。与 PZT 类似，(Na,Bi)TiO3-BaTiO3 和含有 (K,Bi)TiO3 的三元系统中的 MPB 组合物具有增强的性能，但性能明显较低。远低于 T (C) 的铁电到反铁电转变的后果进一步限制了它们的用途。尽管与 T (C) 相当，但 (K,Na)NbO3 家族中报道的高水平压电性是与正交四方多晶型相变成分向下移动相关的极化性增强的结果。正如预期的那样，这些特性强烈依赖于温度，而退化是通过两种不同的铁电域状态之间的热循环发生的。使用高场应变和极化测量来确定由磁畴和磁畴壁迁移率产生的外在贡献。分别讨论了与供体和受体改性 PZT 相关的“软”和“硬”无铅压电材料的概念。从技术上讲，无铅材料的讨论涉及一般应用，包括传感器、执行器和超声换能器。
Investigations in the development of lead-free piezoelectric ceramics have recently claimed comparable properties to the lead-based ferroelectric perovskites, represented by Pb(Zr,Ti)O-3, or PZT. In this work, the scientific and technical impact of these materials is contrasted with the various families of "soft" and "hard" PZTs. On the scientific front, the intrinsic nature of the dielectric and piezoelectric properties are presented in relation to their respective Curie temperatures (T-C) and the existence of a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB). Analogous to PZT, enhanced properties are noted for MPB compositions in the (Na,Bi)TiO3-BaTiO3 and ternary system with (K,Bi)TiO3, but offer properties significantly lower. The consequences of a ferroelectric to antiferroelectric transition well below T (C) further limits their usefulness. Though comparable with respect to T (C), the high levels of piezoelectricity reported in the (K,Na)NbO3 family are the result of enhanced polarizability associated with the orthorhombic-tetragonal polymorphic phase transition being compositionally shifted downward. As expected, the properties are strongly temperature dependent, while degradation occurs through the thermal cycling between the two distinct ferroelectric domain states. Extrinsic contributions arising from domains and domain wall mobility were determined using high field strain and polarization measurements. The concept of "soft" and "hard" lead-free piezoelectrics were discussed in relation to donor and acceptor modified PZTs, respectively. Technologically, the lead-free materials are discussed in relation to general applications, including sensors, actuators and ultrasound transducers.