Development of testing and evaluation protocol for occupancy sensing technologies in building HVAC control: A case study of representative people counting sensors
Development of testing and evaluation protocol for occupancy sensing technologies in building HVAC control: A case study of representative people counting sensors
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DOI：
10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108610
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发表时间：
2021-11
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Rongpeng Zhang;M. Kong;B. Dong;Zheng O’Neill;Hwakong Cheng;Fei Hu;Jian Zhang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Rongpeng Zhang;M. Kong;B. Dong;Zheng O’Neill;Hwakong Cheng;Fei Hu;Jian Zhang
智能建筑中基于占用的控制(OBC)为提高建筑能效提供了巨大的潜力。为了实现有效的OBC，需要根据空间是否被占用以及空间中有多少人来很好地了解空间或建筑的占用状态。精心设计和精心挑选的人口统计技术是OBC的基石。然而，这些技术在OBC中的研究和应用都是比较新的。市场上很少有成熟的人在计算传感器的数量。此外，缺乏全面测试、评估和比较人员计数传感器性能的标准化指导，这进一步限制了它们在OBC中的选择和应用。因此，开发了一种创新的测试方案来填补这一空白。本文介绍了该协议的八种不同的设计，并讨论了使用该协议对四种典型的计数传感器进行评估的案例研究。研究发现，该协议可以有效地指导对所选传感器的综合评估，并导致关于传感器性能的信息发现。测试结果不仅可以为传感器开发人员改进传感器硬件和软件设计提供见解和建议，还可以为供暖、通风和空调(HVAC)系统设计人员和建筑管理人员选择合适的人员计数传感器进行OBC设计提供参考和建议。传感器精度的测试结果还可以支持对集成OBC和建筑系统操作的额外评估。预计所开发的方法可以为其他乘员感应技术的测试和评估提供指导。
Occupancy-based control (OBC) in smart buildings provides numerous potentials to improve building energy efficiency. To achieve effective OBC, the occupancy status of a space or a building needs to be well understood in terms of whether the space is occupied and how many people are in the space. Well-designed and selected people counting technologies are cornerstones for OBC. However, the study and application of such technologies in OBC are relatively new. There are few mature people counting sensors available on the market. In addition, there is a lack of standardized guidance to comprehensively test, evaluate and compare the performance of people counting sensors, which further limits the selection and application of them in OBC. Hence, an innovative testing protocol was developed to fill in the gap. This paper introduces the design of the protocol with eight diversities and discusses case studies that evaluated four representative types of people counting sensors following the proposed protocol. It is found that the protocol can effectively guide a comprehensive evaluation of the selected sensors and lead to informative findings on the sensor performance. The test results can provide insights and suggestions not only for sensor developers to improve the sensor hardware and software design but also for heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system designers and building managers to select the proper people counting sensors for OBC design. The test results on the sensor accuracy can also support additional evaluations of integrated OBC and building system operation. It is anticipated that the developed methodology can offer guidance on the test and evaluation of other occupancy sensing technologies.