Medicinals for the millennia - The historical record
Medicinals for the millennia - The historical record
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb11356.x
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发表时间：
2001-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Newman, DJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cragg, GM;Newman, DJ
数千年来，自然界一直是药物的来源，许多现代药物都是从自然资源中分离出来的，其中许多是基于它们在传统医学中的使用。草药的使用以补充和替代医学的形式再次升级。然而，在过去的世纪中，微生物在生产抗生素和用于治疗一些严重疾病的其他药物中发挥了越来越大的作用。目前已知的微生物世界不到1%，微生物培养和从土壤和海洋栖息地的环境样品中提取核酸以及从与陆地和海洋大型生物相关的共生和内生微生物中提取核酸的程序的进步将提供对巨大的未开发的遗传和代谢多样性的库的访问。通过组合化学和生物合成技术，将基于其生物活性优化新的天然产物先导物，以产生有效的化学治疗剂和其他生物活性剂。
Nature has been a source of medicinal agents for thousands of years, and an impressive number of modern drugs have been isolated from natural sources, many based on their use in traditional medicine. The use of herbal drugs is once more escalating in the form of complementary and alternative medicine. The past century, however, has seen an increasing role played by microorganisms in the production of the antibiotics and other drugs for the treatment of some serious diseases. With less than 1% of the microbial world currently known, advances in procedures for microbial cultivation and the extraction of nucleic acids from environmental samples from soil and marine habitats, and from symbiotic and endophytic microbes associated with terrestrial and marine macro-organisms, will provide access to a vast untapped reservoir of genetic and metabolic diversity. By use of combinatorial chemical and biosynthetic technology, novel natural product leads will be optimized on the basis of their biological activities to yield effective chemotherapeutic and other bioactive agents.