Are seasonalities in suicide dependent on suicide methods?: A reappraisal
Are seasonalities in suicide dependent on suicide methods?: A reappraisal
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DOI：
10.1016/s0277-9536(02)00493-8
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发表时间：
2003-10-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Gutzwiller, F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ajdacic-Gross, V;Wang, J;Gutzwiller, F
一般来说，自杀频率在春季和初夏达到高峰，在秋季和冬季达到低谷。自杀的季节性是一个普遍存在的现象，然而，最近的研究表明，它特别与暴力自杀方法有关。我们使用瑞士的死亡率数据，研究了不同自杀方法的自杀季节性差异。自杀数据来自瑞士的死亡原因统计数据，涵盖1969-1994年。在此期间，死亡率统计中登记了37 518起自杀事件（ICD-8编码950-959）。这些数据采用Edwards方法进行分析，该方法检查汇总月度数据中的单峰正弦曲线模式，并采用分解月度数据进行频谱分析。总的来说，瑞士1969-1994年的自杀数据描绘了预期的模式，5月和6月达到高峰，12月达到低谷。然而，通过自杀方法进行的分析表明，没有共同的模式。自杀的季节性在一些暴力和非暴力方法（枪支，切割，撞车，中毒）中不存在或很弱。即使明显存在（悬挂，溺水，从高处跳下，未指明/其他），季节性也显示出明显的模式和周期。除了正弦曲线外，还有异常值：在总体数据以及大多数特定方法的数据中，12月的频率比相邻月份低10%以上。频率的下降在圣诞节/新年达到高潮，然后恢复到平均水平。因此，瑞士整体自杀频率的季节性只是一种复合季节性。这在很大程度上取决于特定的自杀方法和不同的周期动态。(C)2003爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
In general, suicide frequencies peak in spring and early summer and depict a low in autumn and winter months. Suicide seasonality is a ubiquitous phenomenon; however, recent studies have indicated that it is related particularly to violent suicide methods. We investigated differences in suicide seasonalities by suicide methods using Swiss mortality data. The suicide data were extracted from the Swiss cause of death statistics and cover the period 1969-1994. In this period 37,518 suicides (ICD-8 codes 950-959) were registered in the mortality statistics. The data were analysed by the Edwards' method, which examines unimodal sinusoidal patterns in aggregated monthly data, and by spectral analysis with disaggregated monthly data. Overall, Swiss suicide data in 1969-1994 depict the expected pattern with a peak in May and June and a low in December. However, analyses by suicide methods show that there is no common pattern. Suicide seasonalities are absent or weak in some violent as well as non-violent methods (firearms, cutting, crashing, poisoning). Even if clearly present (hanging, drowning, jumping from high places, unspecified/other), the seasonalities show distinct patterns and cycles. Apart from sinusoidal patterns, there are also outliers: in overall data as well as in most method-specific data, the December frequencies fall more than 10% below the neighbouring months. The decrease of the frequencies culminates at Christmas/New Year and then returns to average levels. Hence, the seasonality of the overall Swiss suicide frequencies is but a compound seasonality. It largely depends on specific suicide methods and different cyclical dynamics. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.