Imaging markers of cerebrovascular pathologies: Pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and risk factors.
Imaging markers of cerebrovascular pathologies: Pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and risk factors.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.dadm.2016.12.006
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Vemuri, Prashanthi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Raman, Mekala R;Kantarci, Kejal;Murray, Melissa E;Jack, Clifford R Jr;Vemuri, Prashanthi
脑血管病变 (CVP) 是与年龄相关的认知能力下降以及阿尔茨海默病病理相关的常见病变。人们越来越认识到 CVP 对痴呆症患病率的影响。本综述的目的是提高我们对病理生理学基础以及与 CVP 特征相关的多模态磁共振成像和正电子发射断层扫描成像变化的理解。这些知识将有助于制定早期检测、干预和预防策略，从而有助于降低痴呆症的风险。在这篇综述中，我们将首先讨论目前已知的 CVP 危险因素，包括心血管、生活方式、遗传、性别差异和头部损伤。接下来，我们将重点关注 CVP 的病理生理学及其对神经退行性变和下游认知障碍的影响。具体来说，我们将讨论 MRI 上最常见的三种脑血管病变：白质高信号、微出血和梗塞。最后，我们将讨论该领域尚未解答的开放性问题。
Cerebrovascular pathologies (CVPs) are common pathologies associated with age-related cognitive decline along with Alzheimer disease pathologies. The impact of CVP on the prevalence of dementia is increasingly being recognized. The goal of this review is to improve our understanding of the pathophysiological underpinnings and the multimodal magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography imaging changes that are associated with the hallmarks of CVP. This knowledge will facilitate the development of early detection, intervention, and prevention strategies that may contribute to lowering the risk of dementia. In this review, we will first discuss currently known risk factors of CVPs including cardiovascular, lifestyle, genetic, sex differences, and head injury. Next, we will focus on the pathophysiology of CVPs and their impact on neurodegeneration and downstream cognitive impairment. Specifically, we will discuss three of the most common cerebrovascular lesions seen on MRI: white-matter hyperintensity, microbleeds, and infarcts. Finally, we will discuss the unanswered open questions in this field.